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首页> 外文期刊>Cell motility and the cytoskeleton >Regulation of sperm flagellar motility activation and chemotaxis caused by egg-derived substance(s) in sea cucumber.
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Regulation of sperm flagellar motility activation and chemotaxis caused by egg-derived substance(s) in sea cucumber.

机译：调节海参中鸡蛋衍生物质引起的精子鞭毛运动和趋化性。

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摘要

The sea cucumber Holothuria atra is a broadcast spawner. Among broadcast spawners, fertilization occurs by means of an egg-derived substance(s) that induces sperm flagellar motility activation and chemotaxis. Holothuria atra sperm were quiescent in seawater, but exhibited flagellar motility activation near eggs with chorion (intact eggs). In addition, they moved in a helical motion toward intact eggs as well as a capillary filled with the water layer of the egg extracts, suggesting that an egg-derived compound(s) causes motility activation and chemotaxis. Furthermore, demembranated sperm flagella were reactivated in high pH (> 7.8) solution without cAMP, and a phosphorylation assay using (gamma-32P)ATP showed that axonemal protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation also occurred in a pH-dependent manner. These results suggest that the activation of sperm motility in holothurians is controlled by pH-sensitive changes in axonemal protein phosphorylation. Ca2+ concentration affected the swimming trajectory of demembranated sperm, indicating that Ca2+-binding proteins present at the flagella may be associated with regulation of flagellar waveform. Moreover, the phosphorylation states of several axonemal proteins were Ca2+-sensitive, indicating that Ca2+ impacts both kinase and phosphatase activities. In addition, in vivo sperm protein phosphorylation occurred after treatment with a water-soluble egg extract. Our results suggest that one or more egg-derived compounds activate motility and subsequent chemotactic behavior via Ca2+-sensitive flagellar protein phosphorylation.
机译：海参Holothuria atra是广播繁殖者。在繁殖产卵者中，受精是通过卵子衍生的，诱导精子鞭毛运动和趋化作用的。壶腹漏精子在海水中处于静止状态，但在带有绒毛膜的卵（完整卵）附近表现出鞭毛运动性激活。另外，它们以螺旋运动移向完整的鸡蛋以及充满鸡蛋提取物水层的毛细管，这表明一种或多种蛋衍生的化合物会引起运动性激活和趋化性。此外，去膜的精子鞭毛在没有cAMP的高pH（> 7.8）溶液中重新激活，使用（γ-32P）ATP的磷酸化检测表明，轴突蛋白的磷酸化和去磷酸化也以pH依赖性方式发生。这些结果表明，沙参中精子活力的激活受轴突蛋白磷酸化的pH敏感变化控制。 Ca2 +浓度影响去膜精子的游泳轨迹，表明鞭毛中存在的Ca2 +结合蛋白可能与鞭毛波形的调节有关。此外，几种轴突蛋白的磷酸化状态对Ca2 +敏感，表明Ca2 +影响激酶和磷酸酶的活性。另外，在用水溶性卵提取物处理后，体内精子蛋白发生磷酸化。我们的结果表明，一种或多种鸡蛋衍生的化合物通过对Ca2 +敏感的鞭毛蛋白磷酸化来激活运动性和随后的趋化行为。

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