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Determination of creatinine excretion and evaluation of spot urine sampling in Holstein cattle

机译：荷斯坦牛肌酐排泄的测定和尿液采样评估

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Four experiments were carried out to determine urinary creatinine excretion in Holstein growing bulls, lactating cows, and replacement heifers. In addition, we evaluated the use of spot sampling technique to estimate purine derivatives (PD) excretion. In Experiment 1, 15 lactating cows were used in a randomized block design to compare creatinine excretion obtained in different time-spans of urine collection (during 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 2 1, and 24 h). In Experiment 11, four bulls were allocated in a 4 x 4 Latin square to evaluate the effect of diet (levels of cottonseed hulls of 0, 10, 20, and 30% of the DM) on excretion of creatinine. In Experiment III, 15 lactating cows were used to evaluate the effect of milk production (ranging from 3.9 to 36.7 kg/d) on daily creatinine and PD, excretions. In Experiment IV, 22 replacement heifers were utilized to evaluate the effect of body weight (BW, ranging from 107 to 545 kg) on daily creatinine and PD excretions. For all experiments, total urine collections were made over 24 h and daily creatinine and PD excretions were determined. Different time-spans for total urine collection had no effect (P=0.70) on creatinine excretion compared to the 24-h collection period, indicating a constant excretion rate of creatinine. The roughage source did not influence (P=0.64) creatinine excretion by bulls, averaging 0.248 +/- 0.008 mmol/kg BW. Similarly, milk production did not affect (P=0.82) creatinine excretion in cows, averaging 0.212 +/- 0.004 mmol/kg BW. In contrast, the creatinine excretion (mmol/kg BW) decreased linearly (P<0.001) as BW of heifers increased, suggesting that creatinine excretion might vary with the degree of maturity of growing animals. There were no differences (P > 0.14) between the 24-h total collection and spot sampling technique in estimating daily PD excretion. The spot sampling technique may be used to estimate the daily excretion of urinary PD in Holstein cattle under practical conditions. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：进行了四个实验，以确定荷斯坦生长的公牛，泌乳母牛和替代母牛的尿肌酐排泄量。此外，我们评估了使用现场采样技术估算嘌呤衍生物（PD）排泄的情况。在实验1中，将15头泌乳母牛用于随机区组设计，以比较在收集尿液的不同时间段（在6、9、12、15、18、2 1和24小时内）获得的肌酐排泄量。在实验11中，在4 x 4的拉丁方中分配了四头公牛，以评估饮食（棉籽壳水平为DM的0、10、20和30％）对肌酐排泄的影响。在实验III中，使用15头泌乳牛来评估产奶量（范围从3.9至36.7 kg / d）对每日肌酐和PD排泄物的影响。在实验IV中，使用22个替代小母牛来评估体重（体重从107到​​545公斤不等）对每日肌酐和PD排泄物的影响。对于所有实验，在24小时内收集全部尿液，并测定每日肌酐和PD排泄物。与24小时采集期间相比，不同的总尿液收集时间对肌酐的排泄没有影响（P = 0.70），这表明肌酐的排泄率是恒定的。粗饲料来源不影响公牛的肌酐排泄（P = 0.64），平均为0.248 +/- 0.008 mmol / kg体重。同样，奶牛的产奶量不影响（P = 0.82）肌酐排泄，平均体重为0.212 +/- 0.004 mmol / kg体重。相反，随着小母牛体重的增加，肌酐的排泄量（mmol / kg体重）线性降低（P <0.001），这表明肌酐的排泄量可能会随着生长的动物的成熟程度而变化。在估计每日PD排泄量时，24小时总收集量和现场采样技术之间没有差异（P> 0.14）。斑点采样技术可用于估计荷斯坦牛在实际条件下每天的尿PD排泄量。 （C）2007 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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