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Endothelial cell lineages of the heart.

机译：心脏的内皮细胞谱系。

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During early gastrulation, vertebrate embryos begin to produce endothelial cells (ECs) from the mesoderm. ECs first form primitive vascular plexus de novo and later differentiate into arterial, venous, capillary, and lymphatic ECs. In the heart, the five distinct EC types (endocardial, coronary arterial, venous, capillary, and lymphatic) have distinct phenotypes. For example, coronary ECs establish a typical vessel network throughout the myocardium, whereas endocardial ECs form a large epithelial sheet with no angiogenic sprouting into the myocardium. Neither coronary arteries, veins, and capillaries, nor lymphatic vessels fuse with the endocardium or open to the heart chamber. The developmental stage during which the specific phenotype of each cardiac EC type is determined remains unclear. The mechanisms involved in EC commitment and diversity can however be more precisely defined by tracking the migratory patterns and lineage decisions of the precursors of cardiac ECs.
机译：在早期胃化过程中，脊椎动物胚胎开始从中胚层产生内皮细胞（EC）。内皮细胞首先形成原始的血管丛，然后分化为动脉，静脉，毛细血管和淋巴内皮细胞。在心脏中，五种不同的EC类型（心内膜，冠状动脉，静脉，毛细血管和淋巴管）具有不同的表型。例如，冠状动脉内皮细胞在整个心肌上建立了典型的血管网络，而心内膜内皮细胞则形成了较大的上皮层，而没有血管生成萌芽进入心肌。冠状动脉，静脉和毛细血管，以及淋巴管都不会与心内膜融合或通向心腔。确定每种心脏EC类型的具体表型的发育阶段仍不清楚。然而，通过追踪心脏EC前体的迁移模式和血统决定，可以更精确地定义EC承诺和多样性所涉及的机制。

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