As one of the most aggressive cancers, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and particularly common in Asia. Over the decades, the clinical management of ESCC patients has barely advanced; and the overall survival remains poor, largely because its molecular basis, especially the genomic abnormalities, is obscure, and no targeted therapy has been established. Very recently, we and Song et al. have comprehensively characterized the genomic landscape of a total of approximately 300 ESCCs with whole-genome/ exome sequencing, targeted sequencing, and copy number profiling, providing an important molecular foundation for understanding esophageal tumors and developing therapeutic targets.
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