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Olfaction in rhinology--methods of assessing the sense of smell.

机译：鼻科学中的嗅觉-评估嗅觉的方法。

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摘要

Olfactory disorders frequently occur in rhinological disease. Different subjective and objective test methods are available to assess the sense of olfaction. Among the subjective methods, screening tests and threshold measurements are commonly used to quantify hyposmia or anosmia. Qualitative methods are available using discrimination and identification tests. Objective methods are used in research and in some medicolegal situations. Objective tests include olfactory evoked potentials, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and functional Positron Emission Tomography. The measurement of the sense of smell helps to assess the whole spectrum of the effects of nasal disease. This is especially important before rhinological surgery, because a non-detected smell disorder in patients with rhinological disease is common. The assessment of a pre-existing hyposmia or anosmia helps to avoid a postoperative claim that this was caused by surgery. A variety of validated screening tests for olfaction is available andthey are a useful tool to document whether a patient is able to smell.
机译：鼻科疾病经常发生嗅觉障碍。可以使用不同的主观和客观测试方法来评估嗅觉。在主观方法中，筛查测试和阈值测量通常用于量化低渗症或失眠症。定性方法可使用鉴别和鉴定测试。客观方法用于研究和某些法医学情况。客观测试包括嗅觉诱发电位，功能磁共振成像和功能正电子发射断层扫描。嗅觉的测量有助于评估鼻部疾病影响的整个范围。这在流变外科手术之前尤为重要，因为在流变疾病患者中常见一种无法检测到的气味障碍。对先前存在的低渗或缺氧的评估有助于避免术后声称这是手术引起的。可以使用多种经过验证的嗅觉筛查测试，它们是记录患者是否能够闻到气味的有用工具。

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