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首页> 外文期刊>Occupational and environmental medicine >Effect of measurement error on epidemiological studies of environmental and occupational exposures.
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Effect of measurement error on epidemiological studies of environmental and occupational exposures.

机译:测量误差对环境和职业暴露的流行病学研究的影响。

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摘要

Random error (misclassification) in exposure measurements usually biases a relative risk, regression coefficient, or other effect measure towards the null value (no association). The most important exception is Berkson type error, which causes little or no bias. Berkson type error arises, in particular, due to use of group average exposure in place of individual values. Random error in exposure measurements, Berkson or otherwise, reduces the power of a study, making it more likely that real associations are not detected. Random error in confounding variables compromises the control of their effect, leaving residual confounding. Random error in a variable that modifies the effect of exposure on health--for example, an indicator of susceptibility--tends to diminish the observed modification of effect, but error in the exposure can create a supurious appearance of modification. Methods are available to correct for bias (but not generally power loss) due to measurement error, if information on the magnitude and type of error is available. These methods can be complicated to use, however, and should be used cautiously as "correction" can magnify confounding if it is present.
机译:暴露测量中的随机误差(分类错误)通常会使相对风险,回归系数或其他影响度量偏向零值(无关联)。最重要的例外是Berkson类型错误,它几乎不会引起偏差。伯克森类型错误特别是由于使用组平均暴露代替单个值而引起。无论是伯克森(Berkson)还是其他方式,暴露测量中的随机误差都会降低研究的功效,从而更有可能未检测到真实的关联。混杂变量中的随机错误会影响对它们的效果的控制,从而导致残留混杂。可以改变暴露量对健康的影响的变量中的随机误差(例如,易感性指标)倾向于减少所观察到的效应变化,但是暴露误差可以产生令人惊奇的变化外观。如果可获得有关误差的大小和类型的信息,则可以使用方法来校正由于测量误差引起的偏差(但通常不会校正功率损耗)。但是,这些方法的使用可能很复杂,因此应谨慎使用,因为“校正”会放大混淆(如果存在)。

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