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Speaking of human factors: Emergent meanings in interviews with professional accident investigators

机译：谈到人为因素：在专业事故调查员访谈中的新兴含义

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摘要

This paper presents a qualitative analysis of the human factor concept, more specifically what it means and includes in everyday professional discourse. It is founded on 10 extensive interviews with professional investigators within the road, maritime and rail administration concerning their practical investigative work. General and specific results are generated of interview contributions using a pragmatic communicative approach and discourse analysis. Results show that human factors is an expression tied to individual professional experience, sparks dissatisfaction and demands specification due to recurring indexicality problems. It tends to be used for negative matters. The specific results, listing eight different meanings, indicate that there is no such thing as a professional usage of the human factor but a spectrum of meanings. The study concludes that the meanings of the human factor (a) always evolve in the dynamic process of producing and understanding language, (b) are context-dependent, and (c) emerge through talk, as one type of discourse. Contrary to ordinary conceptions, there is no simple matter as a human factor that may be used in a routine manner. A non-specific use of the notion may even obscure a course of events and prevent necessary investigation, for example, if the human factor simply replaces a factor such as 'fatigue'. Although contemporary interdisciplinary research focuses peripheral factors, the idea of individual humans and their erroneous acts has survived - and lives - in the practical world of professional investigators. Empirically deduced meanings need to be continuously highlighted and problematised if theory is to approach everyday professional practice.
机译：本文对人为因素的概念进行了定性分析，更具体地讲它意味着什么，并包括在日常的专业话语中。它是根据对公路，海事和铁路管理部门的专业调查人员的实际调查工作进行的10次广泛采访而建立的。运用务实的交流方法和话语分析方法，可以得出访谈贡献的一般和具体结果。结果表明，人为因素是与个人专业经验相关的一种表达，由于反复出现的索引性问题而引起不满并要求规范。它倾向于用于负面问题。列出八种不同含义的具体结果表明，没有人为因素的专业用法，而是一系列含义。研究得出的结论是，人为因素的含义（a）总是在产生和理解语言的动态过程中演变;（b）取决于上下文;并且（c）通过谈话而出现，是一种话语。与一般的概念相反，没有简单的问题可以作为常规方式使用的人为因素。例如，如果人为因素简单地替代了诸如“疲劳”之类的因素，则对该概念的非特定使用甚至可能掩盖事件的进程并阻止进行必要的调查。尽管当代的跨学科研究关注的是外围因素，但是个人的思想及其错误行为的思想在专业研究人员的实践世界中得以幸存并得以生存。如果理论要运用到日常的专业实践中，则需要不断强调经验推断的含义，并对其提出质疑。

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