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Using eye-tracker to compare search patterns between experienced and novice workers for site hazard identification

机译：使用眼动仪比较经验丰富的和新手之间的搜索模式，以进行现场危害识别

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The construction industry accounts for a high number of accidents. Although identifying hazards prior to commencing construction is widely employed to prevent accidents, it typically fails because of insufficient safety experience. The experience helps in training novice inspectors, although extracting and describing tacit knowledge explicitly is difficult. This study created a digital building construction site, and designed a hazard-identification experiment involving four workplaces featuring obvious and unobvious hazards (e.g., falls, collapses, and electric shocks), and an eye-tracker was used to compare the search patterns of the experienced and novice workers. The results indicated that experience assisted the experienced workers in assessing both obvious (p < 0.001) and unobvious hazards (p = 0.004) significantly faster than the novice workers could; however, it did not improve the accuracy with which they identified hazards, indicating that general work experience is not equivalent to safety-specific experience, and may not necessarily improve workers' accuracy in identifying hazards. Nevertheless, the experienced workers were more confident in identifying hazards, they exhibited fewer fixations, and their scan paths for assessing hazards were more consistent. The experienced workers first assessed the high-risk targets-laborers working at heights-and subsequently assessed those working on the ground, followed by the equipment or environment. Furthermore, they typically inspected openings later than novice workers did. The search strategies identified may be incorporated into the training courses to improve the hazard awareness for novice workers. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：建筑行业造成大量事故。尽管广泛使用在开始施工之前识别危险来预防事故，但是由于缺乏足够的安全经验，它通常会失败。经验有助于培训新手检查员，尽管要明确地提取和描述默认知识很困难。这项研究创建了一个数字建筑施工现场，并设计了一个危害识别实验，涉及四个具有明显和非明显危害（例如跌倒，倒塌和电击）的工作场所，并使用眼动仪比较了该场所的搜索模式。经验丰富的新手。结果表明，经验帮助经验丰富的工人评估明显（p <0.001）和非明显危害（p = 0.004）的风险明显快于新手。但是，它并没有提高他们识别危险的准确性，这表明一般的工作经验并不等同于特定于安全的经验，并且不一定会提高工人识别危险的准确性。但是，有经验的工人对危险的识别更有信心，固定物更少，评估危险的扫描路径也更加一致。经验丰富的工人首先评估高风险目标工人，即在高空工作的工人，然后评估在地面上工作的工人，然后评估设备或环境。此外，他们通常比新手检查开口要晚。确定的搜索策略可以纳入培训课程，以提高新手工作者的危害意识。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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