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Ethicist as Designer: A Pragmatic Approach to Ethics in the Lab

机译：作为设计师的伦理学家：实验室中的实用伦理学方法

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Contemporary literature investigating the significant impact of technology on our lives leads many to conclude that ethics must be a part of the discussion at an earlier stage in the design process i.e., before a commercial product is developed and introduced. The problem, however, is the question regarding how ethics can be incorporated into an earlier stage of technological development and it is this question that we argue has not yet been answered adequately. There is no consensus amongst scholars as to the kind of ethics that should be practiced, nor the individual selected to perform this ethical analysis. One school of thought holds that ethics should have pragmatic value in research and design and that it should be implemented by the (computer) engineers and/or (computer) scientists themselves, while another school of thought holds that ethics need not be so pragmatic. For the latter, the ethical reflection can aim at a variety of goals, and be carried out by an ethicist. None of the approaches resulting from these lines of thinking have been adopted on a wide-scale basis. To that end, the approach presented here is intended to bridge the gap between these schools of thought. It is our contention that ethics ought to be pragmatic and to provide utility for the design process and we maintain that adequate ethical reflection, and all that it entails, ought to be conducted by an ethicist. Thus, we propose a novel role for the ethicist-the ethicist as designer-who subscribes to a pragmatic view of ethics in order to bring ethics into the research and design of artifacts-no matter the stage of development. In this paper we outline the series of steps that a pragmatic value analysis entails: uncovering relevant values, scrutinizing these values and, working towards the translation of values into technical content. In conclusion, we present a list of tasks for the ethicist in his/her role as designer on the interdisciplinary team.
机译：研究技术对我们生活的重大影响的当代文献使许多人得出结论，在设计过程的较早阶段，即在开发和推出商业产品之前，伦理学必须成为讨论的一部分。然而，问题是关于如何将道德纳入技术发展的早期阶段的问题，正是我们认为尚未充分回答这一问题。学者之间对于应该实践的道德类型没有共识，也没有选择进行该道德分析的个人。一个思想流派认为，伦理学在研究和设计中应具有务实的价值，应由（计算机）工程师和/或（计算机）科学家自己实施，而另一种思想流派则认为，伦理学不必那么务实。对于后者，道德反思可以针对各种目标，并由伦理学家实施。这些思路导致的任何方法都没有被广泛采用。为此，此处提出的方法旨在弥合这些思想流派之间的鸿沟。我们的观点是，道德应该务实，并为设计过程提供实用性，我们坚持认为，道德应该进行充分的道德反思，包括道德反思。因此，我们为伦理学家（作为设计师的伦理学家）提出了一种新的角色，他赞同实用主义的伦理观，以便将伦理学带入文物的研究和设计中，无论其处于发展阶段如何。在本文中，我们概述了实用价值分析所需要的一系列步骤：发现相关价值，仔细检查这些价值以及努力将价值转换为技术内容。最后，我们列出了作为跨学科团队的设计师的伦理学家的任务清单。

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