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Cattle grazing in scottish woodlands: experiences,opportunities and challenges

机译：在苏格兰林地放牧的牛：经验，机遇和挑战

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This paper explores key arguments relevant to use of cattle grazing as a tool for sustainable woodland management in Scotland. With increased appreciation of the cultural history of wood pasture management in Scotland, the last decade has seen a raised profile and enthusiasm for introduction of conservation grazing approaches to Scottish woodlands, mainly using hardy cattle breeds. Guided by recent experience in the Netherlands and England, emphases have been on cattle grazing in native woodland habitats and in restoration of known historic wood pasture systems. Considerable research effort has been deployed, leading to development of "Woodland Grazing Toolbox" software to inform management planning. Medium-scale demonstration projects using cattlegrazing techniques have been implemented by the Forestry Commission across the Loch Katrine and Glen Garry catchments, along with other sites in the West Highlands, while smaller-scale farm woodland projects in Argyll and Perthshire have been supported by public grant initiatives under SFGS and SRDP/RP. The recently published Woodland Expansion Advisory Group (WEAG) report for Scotland highlighted the potential role of integrated silvo-pastoral agroforestry systems for the upland margins, combining productive forestry with economic livestock rearing on the same units. Public interest in sustainable land management, tourist attraction of Highland cattle and lucrative premium markets for grass-fed organic beef make these approaches potentially commercially attractive in the right locations, although economic marketing opportunities in Scotland may be under-exploited at present. There remain considerable issues as to the impacts of cattle grazing on plant biodiversity in sensitive native woodland habitats and also in respect of animal welfare and energy balance considerations for over-wintered hill cattle in upland Scotland. Effective techniques for use of cattle grazing in the contexts of plantation forest naturalisation and within designed agroforestry systems remain under-developed.
机译：本文探讨了与使用牛放牧作为苏格兰可持续林地管理工具有关的关键论点。随着对苏格兰牧草管理文化历史的日益重视，过去十年来，苏格兰牧民对保护性放牧方法的引进和热情有所提高，这些方法主要使用耐寒牛品种。在荷兰和英国的最新经验的指导下，重点是在原生林地栖息地放牧牲畜以及恢复已知的历史悠久的牧草系统。已经进行了大量的研究工作，导致开发了“ Woodland Grazing Toolbox”软件来为管理计划提供信息。林业委员会已经在卡特琳湖和格伦加里流域以及西部高地的其他地方实施了采用放牧技术的中型示范项目，而阿盖尔和珀斯郡的小型农场林地项目得到了公共赠款的支持。 SFGS和SRDP / RP下的举措。最近发布的苏格兰林地扩展咨询小组（WEAG）报告强调了林木-牧草综合农林业系统在高地边缘的潜在作用，将生产性林业与在同一单位饲养的经济牲畜相结合。公众对可持续土地管理的兴趣，高地牛的旅游吸引力以及草食有机牛肉的利润丰厚的高级市场使这些方法在适当的地点具有潜在的商业吸引力，尽管目前苏格兰的经济营销机会可能未被充分利用。关于牲畜放牧对敏感的原生林地生境中植物生物多样性的影响以及苏格兰高地过冬山地牲畜的动物福利和能量平衡方面，仍然存在许多问题。在人工林归化的背景下和在设计的农林业系统内使用牛放牧的有效技术仍未得到开发。

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