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Chronic tension-type headache in children and adolescents.

机译：儿童和青少年的慢性紧张型头痛。

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In this study, the causes, predisposing factors and clinical features of chronic daily headache in children and adolescents were studied within the population of patients attending a specialist headache. The International Headache Society's (IHS) criteria for the diagnosis of chronic tension type headache (CTTH) were assessed for their applicability in the paediatric age group. Over a period of three years, demographic and clinical data were collected prospectively on all children who attended the clinic and suffered from daily attacks of headache. One hundred and fifteen children and adolescents (32% of all clinic population) had chronic daily headache, of whom 93 patients (81%) fulfilled the IHS criteria for the diagnosis of CTTH. They were between 3-15 years of age (mean: 11.1, SD: 2.3) and their female to male ratio was 1.2 : 1. Around one third of the patients also suffered from migraine (mainly migraine without aura). The headache was described as mild in 60.9%, moderate 36.5% and severe 2.6%. Headache was located at the forehead in 53% or over the whole of the head in 29.6%. Pain was described as 'just sore' or dull by 73.9%. During attacks of headache, at least half the patients reported light intolerance, noise intolerance, anorexia or nausea. Thirty-two percent of patients had at least one underlying chronic disease that may have contributed to the pathogenesis of the CTTH. Eleven percent had serious stressful events related to family illnesses and in four patients headaches were triggered by family bereavement. Fourteen percent were investigated with neuroimaging and 22% were referred for clinical psychology assessment and management. In conclusion, CTTH is a common cause of headache in children attending a specialist headache clinic. The clinical features closely match those of adult population and the IHS criteria for the diagnosis of CTTH can be adapted for use in children. Predisposing stressful risk factors, physical or emotional, are present in a large proportion.
机译：在这项研究中，研究了儿童和青少年慢性每日头痛的病因，诱发因素和临床特征，这些患者均患有专业性头痛。评估了国际头痛协会（IHS）诊断慢性紧张型头痛（CTTH）的标准在儿童年龄组中的适用性。在三年的时间里，前瞻性地收集了所有就诊并每天头痛发作的儿童的人口统计学和临床​​数据。 115名儿童和青少年（占所有诊所人口的32％）患有慢性每日头痛，其中93例（81％）符合IHS诊断CTTH的标准。他们的年龄在3至15岁之间（平均数：11.1，SD：2.3），男女之比为1.2：1。大约三分之一的患者还患有偏头痛（主要是无先兆性偏头痛）。头痛的轻度为60.9％，中度为36.5％，重度为2.6％。头痛位于前额的比例为53％，或整个头部的比例为29.6％。疼痛被描述为“只是疼痛”或隐隐作痛的比例为73.9％。在头痛发作期间，至少一半的患者报告不耐光，不耐噪声，厌食或恶心。 32％的患者患有至少一种可能导致CTTH发病的潜在慢性疾病。 11％的人患有与家庭疾病相关的严重压力事件，四名患者的头痛是由家庭丧亲引起的。 14％的人接受了神经影像学检查，而22％的人接受了临床心理学评估和管理。总之，CTTH是在专科头痛诊所就诊的儿童中常见的头痛原因。临床特征与成年人群的特征非常匹配，并且IHS诊断CTTH的标准可适用于儿童。身体或情绪上易患压力的危险因素占很大比例。

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