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首页> 外文期刊>Stem cell reviews >Epigenetic programming of mesenchymal stem cells from human adipose tissue.
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Epigenetic programming of mesenchymal stem cells from human adipose tissue.

机译:人脂肪组织间充质干细胞的表观遗传编程。

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Stromal stem cells identified in various adult mesenchymal tissues (commonly called mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]) have in past years received more attention as a result of their potential interest as replacement cells in regenerative medicine. An abundant and easily accessible source of adult human MSCs are stem cells harvested from liposuction material. Similarly to bone marrow-derived MSCs, human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) can give rise to a variety of cell types in vitro and in vivo; however, they have a propensity to differentiate into primarily mesodermal lineages. Even so, their capacity to differentiate into nonadipogenic mesodermal pathways seems to be restricted. Emerging DNA methylation profiles at adipogenic and nonadipogenic gene promoters in freshly isolated, cultured, or differentiated ASCs aim to provide an epigenetic explanation for this restrictive differentiation potential. A review of these studies indicates that human ASCs are epigenetically marked by mosaic hypomethylation of adipogenic promoters, whereas nonadipogenic lineage-specific promoters are hypermethylated. Surprisingly, in vitro differentiation toward various pathways maintains the overall methylation profiles of undifferentiated cells, raising the hypothesis that ASCs are at least epigenetically preprogrammed for adipogenesis. Novel attempts at reprogramming the epigenome of MSCs have been initiated to enhance the differentiation capacity of these cells.
机译:近年来,在成年间质组织中鉴定出的基质干细胞(通常称为间质干细胞[MSCs])受到了越来越多的关注,因为它们作为再生医学中的替代细胞具有潜在的兴趣。成年人类MSC的丰富且易于获取的来源是从吸脂材料中收获的干细胞。与源自骨髓的MSC相似,源自人体脂肪组织的干细胞(ASC)可以在体内和体外产生多种细胞类型。但是,它们倾向于分化为中胚层谱系。即使这样,它们分化为非脂肪形成的中胚层途径的能力似乎仍然受到限制。在新鲜分离,培养或分化的ASC中,成脂和非成脂基因启动子上的新兴DNA甲基化谱旨在为这种限制性分化潜力提供表观遗传学解释。对这些研究的评论表明,人类ASC在表观遗传学上以成脂启动子的镶嵌低甲基化为特征,而非成脂谱系特异性启动子则为高甲基化。出人意料的是,体外向各种途径的分化维持了未分化细胞的总体甲基化谱,提出了以下假设:ASC至少在表观遗传上被预先编程为脂肪形成。已经开始重新编程MSC表观基因组的新尝试,以增强这些细胞的分化能力。

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