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首页> 外文期刊>Spectrochimica Acta, Part B. Atomic Spectroscopy >Insights in the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signal generation underwater using dual pulse excitation - Part I: Vapor bubble, Shockwaves and plasma
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Insights in the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signal generation underwater using dual pulse excitation - Part I: Vapor bubble, Shockwaves and plasma

机译：双脉冲激发水下激光诱导击穿光谱信号产生的见解-第一部分：蒸气泡，冲击波和等离子体

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Plasma and vapor bubble formation and evolution after a nanosecond laser pulse delivered to aluminum targets inside water were studied by fast photography. This technique was also applied to monitor the plasma produced by a second laser pulse and for different interpulse delays. The bubble growth was evident only after 3 us from the first laser pulse and the bubble shape changed during expansion and collapse cycles. The evolution and propagation of the initial Shockwave and its reflections both from the back sample surface and cell walls were detected by Schlieren photography. The primary plasma develops in two phases: violent particle expulsion and ionization during the first μs, followed by slow plasma growth from the ablation crater into the evolving vapor bubble. The shape of the secondary plasma strongly depends on the inner bubble pressure whereas the particle expulsion into the expanded bubble is much less evident. Both the primary and secondary plasma have similar duration of about 30 μs. Detection efficiency of the secondary plasma is much reduced by light refraction at the curved bubble-water interface, which behaves as a negative lens; this leads to an apparent reduction of the plasma dimensions. Defocusing power of the bubble lens increases with its expansion due to the lowering of the vapor's refraction index with respect to that of the surrounding liquid (Lazic et al., 2012 [1]). Smell's reflections of secondary plasma radiation at the expanded bubble wall redistribute the detected intensity on a wavelength-dependent way and allow gathering of the emission also from the external plasma layer that otherwise, would not enter into the optical system.
机译：通过快速摄影研究了纳秒级激光脉冲传递到水中铝靶后的等离子体和蒸气气泡的形成和演化。该技术还应用于监视第二激光脉冲产生的等离子体以及不同的脉冲间延迟。气泡的生长仅在第一个激光脉冲产生3 us后才出现，并且气泡形状在膨胀和塌陷循环中发生了变化。通过Schlieren摄影检测了初始冲击波的演化，传播及其从样品背面和细胞壁的反射。初级等离子体的发展分为两个阶段：在最初的μs内剧烈的粒子排出和电离，然后是缓慢的等离子体生长，从消融坑进入不断发展的蒸汽泡。次要等离子体的形状在很大程度上取决于内部气泡的压力，而将粒子排出到膨胀气泡中的情况则不太明显。初级和次级血浆都具有相似的约30μs的持续时间。二次等离子体的检测效率由于弯曲的气泡-水界面（充当负透镜）的折射而大大降低。这导致等离子体尺寸的明显减小。气泡透镜的散焦能力随其膨胀而增加，这是由于蒸汽的折射率相对于周围液体的折射率降低了（Lazic等，2012 [1]）。二次等离子体辐射在膨胀的气泡壁处的气味反射以波长相关的方式重新分布检测到的强度，并允许从外部等离子体层收集发射，否则将不会进入光学系统。

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