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Ancillary studies in thyroid cytopathology

机译：甲状腺细胞病理学的辅助研究

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Recent advances in thyroid imaging, clinical evaluation, cytopathology, surgical pathology, and molecular diagnostics have contributed toward greater understanding of thyroid nodules. In particular, the development of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) has brought standardization to the field and the system dovetails well with the implementation of immunohistochemistry and molecular testing to diagnostic practice. Among the molecular strategies available, the application of the molecular panel of common genetic alterations can stratify indeterminate BSRTC diagnoses into low-risk and high-risk groups. The molecular panel markers have a high positive predictive value and therefore, the panel is considered to be a "rule-in" test. In contrast, the Afirma gene expression classifier by Veracyte Corporation is a test that has been reported to have a high negative predictive value, and therefore, considered to be a "rule-out" test. With further advances, refinements are expected to be made. In particular, the application of next-generation sequencing technology holds promise in bringing thyroid cytopathology to the next level.
机译：甲状腺成像，临床评估，细胞病理学，手术病理学和分子诊断学方面的最新进展有助于人们更好地了解甲状腺结节。特别是，Bethesda甲状腺细胞病理报告系统（BSRTC）的开发使该领域实现了标准化，并且该系统与免疫组织化学和分子检测的实施与诊断实践相吻合。在可用的分子策略中，常见遗传变异的分子组的应用可以将不确定的BSRTC诊断分为低风险和高风险组。分子组标记具有较高的阳性预测值，因此，该组被认为是“入规”测试。相反，Veracyte Corporation的Afirma基因表达分类器是一种测试，据报道具有很高的阴性预测值，因此被认为是“排除法”测试。随着进一步的发展，有望进行改进。特别是，下一代测序技术的应用有望将甲状腺细胞病理学提高到一个新水平。

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