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Coevolutionary patterns and diversification of avian malaria parasites in African sunbirds (Family Nectariniidae)

机译：非洲太阳鸟（家庭油桃科）鸟类疟疾寄生虫的共同进化模式和多样性

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The coevolutionary relationships between avian malaria parasites and their hosts influence the host specificity, geographical distribution and pathogenicity of these parasites. However, to understand fine scale coevolutionary host-parasite relationships, robust and widespread sampling from closely related hosts is needed. We thus sought to explore the coevolutionary history of avian Plasmodium and the widespread African sunbirds, family Nectariniidae. These birds are distributed throughout Africa and occupy a variety of habitats. Considering the role that habitat plays in influencing host-specificity and the role that host-specificity plays in coevolutionary relationships, African sunbirds provide an exceptional model system to study the processes that govern the distribution and diversity of avian malaria. Here we evaluated the coevolutionary histories using a multi-gene phylogeny for Nectariniidae and avian Plasmodium found in Nectariniidae. We then assessed the host-parasite biogeography and the structuring of parasite assemblages. We recovered Plasmodium lineages concurrently in East, West, South and Island regions of Africa. However, several Plasmodium lineages were recovered exclusively within one respective region, despite being found in widely distributed hosts. In addition, we inferred the biogeographic history of these parasites and provide evidence supporting a model of biotic diversification in avian Plasmodium of African sunbirds.
机译：禽疟原虫及其寄主之间的共同进化关系影响这些寄生虫的寄主特异性，地理分布和致病性。但是，要了解精细的协同进化宿主-寄生虫关系，需要从紧密相关的宿主中进行强大且广泛的采样。因此，我们试图探索鸟类疟原虫和广泛分布的非洲太阳鸟（油桃科）的共同进化史。这些鸟类分布在整个非洲，并拥有各种栖息地。考虑到栖息地在影响宿主特异性中的作用以及宿主特异性在协同进化关系中的作用，非洲太阳鸟提供了一个出色的模型系统来研究控制禽类疟疾分布和多样性的过程。在这里，我们使用油桃科中发现的油桃科和鸟类疟原虫的多基因系统发育评价了进化史。然后，我们评估了宿主-寄生虫的生物地理学和寄生虫组合的结构。我们同时在非洲的东部，西部，南部和岛屿地区恢复了疟原虫的血统。但是，尽管在广泛分布的宿主中发现了几个疟原虫谱系，但它们仅在一个区域内被回收。此外，我们推断了这些寄生虫的生物地理历史，并提供了支持非洲太阳鸟禽疟原虫生物多样化模型的证据。

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