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首页> 外文期刊>Parasitology >Differential virulence in two congeneric ticks infesting songbird nestlings.
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Differential virulence in two congeneric ticks infesting songbird nestlings.

机译：在两个同类tick中，毒力在鸣禽幼鸟中繁殖。

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摘要

Virulence is part of the proximate base to the understanding of host-parasite interactions, and therefore it is crucial to interpret parasite-induced damage as an outcome of co-evolution between parasite and host. We experimentally investigated the impact of 2 congeneric ticks with contrasting transmission modes and host specificity, on the health of songbird nestlings (Parus major). The nidicolous Ixodes arboricola lives in tree holes where it obtains blood from adult birds and their nestlings, hence is prone to vertical transmission. All developmental stages of the field-dwelling Ixodes ricinus feed on different host taxa, hence are prone to horizontal transmission. Within each nest we infested 3 nestlings with varying loads of I. ricinus and 3 with Ixodes arboricola. Ixodes arboricola had no negative effects on nestling health (haematocrit, inflammation, body size, body condition). Body size was positively associated with the number of feeding I. arboricola adults. In contrast, I. ricinus infestations by nymphs and adult ticks led to haematocrit reductions. Furthermore, I. arboricola was a more prudent feeder, with longer feeding durations for smaller bloodmeals. Although the negative effects on nestling health were limited, our results are in line with current theories, stating that virulence increases with horizontal transmission, reduced dependence on individual hosts and reduced relatedness among co-exploiting ticks.
机译：毒力是了解宿主与寄生虫相互作用的最接近基础的一部分，因此，将寄生虫诱发的损害解释为寄生虫与宿主之间共同进化的结果至关重要。我们通过实验研究了2种同类con的传播方式和寄主特异性的差异，对鸣禽幼鸟（Parus major）的健康状况产生了影响。含尼科的刺蚁生活在树洞中，在那里它从成年鸟类及其雏鸟那里获取血液，因此易于垂直传播。野外栖I的所有发育阶段都以不同的宿主类群为食，因此易于水平传播。在每个巢中，我们给3个雏鸟喂入了不同的蓖麻毒素，并给3个雏鸟喂了Ixodes arboricola。硬轴虫对雏鸟的健康没有不良影响（红细胞压积，炎症，体重，身体状况）。体形与喂养的I. arboricola成人数量呈正相关。相反，若虫和成年s虫对蓖麻毒素的侵染导致血细胞比容降低。此外，I。arboricola是更谨慎的喂食器，对于较小的血粉，喂食时间更长。尽管对雏鸟健康的负面影响是有限的，但我们的结果与当前的理论相符，指出毒力随着水平传播而增加，对个体寄主的依赖性降低，共同开发的s之间的相关性降低。

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