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首页> 外文期刊>Pediatrics: Official Publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics >Prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of infectious diseases in infancy.
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Prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of infectious diseases in infancy.

机译：长期和完全母乳喂养降低了婴儿期传染病的风险。

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of duration of exclusive breastfeeding with infections in the upper respiratory (URTI), lower respiratory (LRTI), and gastrointestinal tracts (GI) in infancy. METHODS: This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life onward in the Netherlands. Rates of breastfeeding during the first 6 months (never; partial for <4 months, not thereafter; partial for 4-6 months; exclusive for 4 months, not thereafter; exclusive for 4 months, partial thereafter; and exclusive for 6 months) and doctor-attended infections in the URTI, LRTI, and GI until the age of 12 months were assessed by questionnaires and available for 4164 subjects. RESULTS: Compared with never-breastfed infants, those who were breastfed exclusively until the age of 4 months and partially thereafter had lower risks of infections in the URTI, LRTI, and GI until the age of 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.65 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51-0.83]; aOR: 0.50 [CI: 0.32-0.79]; and aOR: 0.41 [CI: 0.26-0.64], respectively) and of LRTI infections between the ages of 7 and 12 months (aOR: 0.46 [CI: 0.31-0.69]). Similar tendencies were observed for infants who were exclusively breastfed for 6 months or longer. Partial breastfeeding, even for 6 months, did not result in significantly lower risks of these infections. CONCLUSIONS: Exclusive breastfeeding until the age of 4 months and partially thereafter was associated with a significant reduction of respiratory and gastrointestinal morbidity in infants. Our findings support health-policy strategies to promote exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months, but preferably 6 months, in industrialized countries.
机译：目的：探讨纯母乳喂养持续时间与婴儿上呼吸道（URTI），下呼吸道（LRTI）和胃肠道（GI）感染的关系。方法：该研究被嵌入到Generation R研究中，该研究是从荷兰的胎儿生命开始的基于人群的前瞻性队列研究。前6个月内的母乳喂养率（从不;不超过4个月（不包括此后;不超过4-6个月）;不包括4个月（不包括此后）;不包括4个月（不包括其后;仅包含6个月）的母乳喂养率通过问卷调查评估了URTI，LRTI和GI中直到12个月大的医生护理感染情况，该感染可用于4164名受试者。结果：与从未母乳喂养的婴儿相比，仅母乳喂养直到4个月大的婴儿，然后在6个月大以后才进行部分母乳喂养的婴儿，其URTI，LRTI和GI感染的风险较低（校正比值比[aOR]： 0.65 [95％置信区间（CI）：0.51-0.83]; aOR：0.50 [CI：0.32-0.79]; aOR：0.41 [CI：0.26-0.64]）和7岁至5岁之间的LRTI感染12个月（aOR：0.46 [CI：0.31-0.69]）。对于仅母乳喂养6个月或更长时间的婴儿，观察到类似的趋势。即使进行6个月的部分母乳喂养，也不会显着降低这些感染的风险。结论：纯母乳喂养直至4个月大，此后部分母乳喂养与婴儿呼吸道和胃肠道发病率显着降低有关。我们的发现支持工业化国家在至少4个月（最好是6个月）内推广纯母乳喂养的健康政策策略。

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