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首页> 外文期刊>Pedobiologia >Does the order of copulation matter? Experimental paternity analyses in the earthworm Hormogaster elisae (Annelida: Hormogastridae)
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Does the order of copulation matter? Experimental paternity analyses in the earthworm Hormogaster elisae (Annelida: Hormogastridae)

机译：交配顺序重要吗？ Hor Hormogaster elisae（Annelida：Hormogastridae）中的实验亲子分析

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Multiple mating and sperm storage organs allow postcopulatory sexual selection to occur. This is the first time that a paternity test has been performed in an earthworm species. Microsatellite markers are used in Hormogaster elisae to trace paternity for multiple sires. Multiple paternity was detected in some cases, showing sperm mixture even within one cocoon, suggesting the eventual mixture of the allosperm within the spermathecae. Order of copulation influences paternity, the first (P1) and third partner (P3) being the most successful. Interestingly the second partner (P2) almost lacks paternity. The most plausible hypothesis suggests the existence of sperm displacement by flushing out older sperm once the spermathecae are full, which seems to occur when they contain sperm from two partners and P3 donates. At that moment sperm is still stratified thus removing sperm from P2. Afterwards sperm from P1 and P3 would be mixed provoking an equivalent paternity. Given the endogeic nature of the earthworm, copulation was not observed, making the lack of copulation with P2 (due to the need of a recovery time) or copulation without sperm transfer (due to low sperm production rate) possible alternative hypotheses. The weight of the earthworms is related to the number of cocoons they produce but not to their viability, which in all the cases was low, probably due to laboratory conditions. The sperm was kept viable inside the spermathecae for a maximum of two years and three months, suggesting a very effective nourishment system in the epithelium of the storage structures.
机译：多个交配和精子存储器官允许发生交配后的性选择。这是第一次对worm物种进行亲子鉴定。 Hormogaster elisae中使用了微卫星标记来追踪多个父本的父本。在某些情况下，检测到多亲，甚至在一个茧中也显示出精子混合物，这表明精子囊内最终有异精子的混合物。交配的顺序会影响亲子关系，第一个（P1）和第三个伴侣（P3）最成功。有趣的是，第二个伴侣（P2）几乎没有亲子关系。最合理的假设表明，一旦精子囊充满，就可以通过冲洗掉较老的精子来存在精子移位，这似乎是当精子中含有两个伴侣的精子并捐赠P3时发生的。在那一刻，精子仍被分层，从而从P2中去除了精子。之后，P1和P3的精子会混合在一起，产生同等的亲权。考虑到worm的内在特性，未观察到交配，因此可能缺乏其他假设，即缺乏P2交配（由于需要恢复时间）或没有精子转移的交配（由于精子产率低）。的重量与它们产生的茧的数量有关，但与它们的生存能力无关，在所有情况下vi的生存能力都很低，这可能是由于实验室条件所致。精子在精囊内的生存期最长为两年零三个月，这表明在储存结构的上皮中有非常有效的营养系统。

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