FORTY years ago cosmology was the realm of a handful of astronomers and two numbers were tine holy grail: the Hubble constant, which describes the expansion of the universe, and the deceleration parameter, which describes how this expansion is slowing down due to gravity. Today, cosmology is an exciting area of research that .attracts scientists ranging from astronomers and astrophysicists to experimental particle physicists and string theorists. The Hubble constant and the deceleration parameter have still not been measured, although they may be soon. The new holy grail, however, is to show that all structure in the universe evolved from quantum fluctuations.
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