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Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a phase II randomized sham-controlled trial

机译：经颅直流刺激对精神分裂症工作记忆和阴性症状的影响：II期随机假手法试验

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Background: The lack of efficacy of pharmacological treatments for cognitive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia highlights the need for new interventions. We investigated the effects of tDCS on working memory and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.Method: Double-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial, investigating the effects of 10 sessions of tDCS in schizophrenia subjects. Stimulation used 2 mA, for 20 min, with electrodes of 25 cm2 wrapped in cotton material soaked in saline solution. Anode was positioned over the left DLPFC and the cathode in the contralateral area. Twenty-four participants were assessed at baseline, after intervention and in a three-months follow-up. The primary outcome was the working memory score from MATRICS and the secondary outcome the negative score from PANSS. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.Results: We did not find group ∗ time interaction for the working memory (p = 0.720) score or any other cognitive variable (p > 0.05). We found a significant group ∗ time interaction for PANSS negative (p < 0.001, d = 0.23, CI.95 = −0.59–1.02), general (p = 0.011) and total scores (p < 0.001). Exploratory analysis of PANSS 5 factors suggests tDCS effect on PANSS negative (p = 0.012), cognitive (p = 0.016) and depression factors (p = 0.029).Conclusion: The results from this trial highlight the therapeutic effects of tDCS for treatment of persistent symptoms in schizophrenia, with reduction of negative symptoms. We were not able to confirm the superiority of active tDCS over sham to improve working memory performance. Larger sample size studies are needed to confirm these findings.
机译：背景：缺乏对精神分裂症中的认知和阴性症状的药物治疗疗效突出了新的干预措施的必要性。我们研究工作的患者schizophrenia.Method内存和阴性症状TDCS的影响：双盲，随机，假对照临床试验中，研究精神分裂症科目TDCS的10届的影响。刺激使用了2毫安，20分钟，用25平方厘米包裹在棉材料电极浸泡在盐水溶液中。阳极定位在左DLPFC和对侧区域的阴极。二十四参与者在基线，干预后，并在三个月随访。主要的结果是从MATRICS工作存储器得分和次要结果从PANSS阴性评分。使用广义估计equations.Results数据进行了分析：我们没有发现组*为工作存储器（p值= 0.720）分数或任何其他认知变量（P> 0.05）时间相互作用。我们发现一组显著*作PANSS阴性（P <0.001，d = 0.23，CI.95 = -0.59-1.02），一般（P = 0.011）和总评分（P <0.001）时间相互作用。的PANSS 5因素探索性分析表明在PANSS阴性TDCS作用（p = 0.012），认知（P = 0.016）和抑郁症的因素（P = 0.029）。结论：从这个试验的结果突出TDCS的治疗效果的治疗的持久性症状精神分裂症，与减少的阴性症状。我们无法确认积极TDCS过假的优势，提高工作记忆性能。需要更大样本量的研究来证实这些发现。

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