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Effects of vitamin A overdose on rat’s organs involved in immunity and vitamin A storage

机译：过量服用维生素A对参与免疫力和维生素A储存的大鼠器官的影响

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Vitamin A overdose is a common occurrence due to food fortification and ingestion of vitamin A supplements. Vitamin A is a nutrient that possesses known and potential effects on general health and the immune response. This research work is an in vivo investigation of the effects of administration of vitamin A above dietary requirements on some organs involved in immunity, vitamin A storage, and metabolism in healthy male rats. A total of 60 young adult male Wistar rats were equally divided into three groups. Rats in the two test groups were orally administered with vitamin A at different concentrations (8000 and 15 000 IU kg body weight) for 21 days, while the control rats did not receive any supplementation. Weekly body weights and weights of the liver, kidney, spleen, and thymus were measured. Histological evaluations were carried out on the liver, kidney, thymus, and Peyer’s patches. Findings show that vitamin A did not significantly affect body and organs’ weights, except for a significant decrease of spleen weights for both experimental groups. Vitamin A was found to lead to some changes in the histology of the tested organs. This is the first study of its kind and sets a base for future studies.

机译：维生素A过量是由于食物强化和摄入维生素A补充剂而引起的普遍现象。维生素A是一种营养素，对一般健康和免疫反应具有已知和潜在的影响。这项研究工作是对健康饮食雄性大鼠体内高于饮食要求的维生素A施用对某些免疫，维生素A储存和代谢相关器官的影响进行的体内研究。将总共60只成年雄性Wistar大鼠分成三组。两个试验组的大鼠口服不同浓度（8000和15000 IU kg体重）的维生素A，持续21天，而对照组则不接受任何补充。每周测量体重以及肝脏，肾脏，脾脏和胸腺的重量。对肝，肾，胸腺和Peyer斑进行了组织学评估。研究结果表明，除了两个实验组的脾脏重量明显减少外，维生素A均未显着影响人体和器官的重量。发现维生素A会导致被测器官的组织学发生某些变化。这是同类研究中的第一次，为将来的研究奠定了基础。

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Mahassni S.; Al-Shaikh N.;
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年度 2014
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1. Effects of Wheat-Soybean Meal Based Diet Supplementation with Vitamin A, Vitamin E and Zinc on Blood Cells, Organ Weights and Humoral Immune Response in Broiler Chickens [J] . M.R. Akbari, H. Kermanshahi, H. Nassiri Moghaddam, Journal of animal and veterinary advances . 2008,第3期

机译：基于小麦 - 大豆膳食的饮食饮食对维生素A，维生素E和锌血细胞，器官重和体液免疫应答的影响
2. Self-Care for Common Colds: The Pivotal Role of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, and Echinacea in Three Main Immune Interactive Clusters (Physical Barriers, Innate and Adaptive Immunity) Involved during an Episode of Common Colds—Practical Advice on Dosages and on the Time to Take These Nutrients/Botanicals in order to Prevent or Treat Common Colds [J] . Mariangela Rondanelli, Alessandra Miccono, Silvia Lamburghini, Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM . 2018,第10期

机译：普通感冒的自我保健：普通感冒发作期间涉及的三个主要的免疫相互作用簇（物理屏障，先天性和适应性免疫）中维生素D，维生素C，锌和紫锥菊的关键作用-剂量和剂量的实用建议服用这些营养素/植物素以预防或治疗普通感冒的时间
3. Self-Care for Common Colds: The Pivotal Role of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, and Echinacea in Three Main Immune Interactive Clusters (Physical Barriers, Innate and Adaptive Immunity) Involved during an Episode of Common Colds—Practical Advice on Dosages and on the Time to Take These Nutrients/Botanicals in order to Prevent or Treat Common Colds [J] . Mariangela Rondanelli, Alessandra Miccono, Silvia Lamburghini, Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM . 2018,第1期

机译：普通感冒的自我保健：普通感冒发作期间涉及的三个主要的免疫相互作用簇（物理屏障，先天性和适应性免疫）中维生素D，维生素C，锌和紫锥菊的关键作用-剂量和剂量的实用建议服用这些营养素/植物素以预防或治疗普通感冒的时间
4. IMMUNE RESPONSE AND EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DIETARY LEVELS OF VITAMIN C ON TISSUE ASCORBIC ACID CONCENTRATIONS OF HYBRID OF HYPOPTHALMICHTHYS MOLITRICS SILVER CARP (male) AND ARISTICHTHYS NOBILIS BIGHEAD [C] . Shyam Narayan Labh, Rina Chakrabarti International Conference of the European Aquaculture Society . 2008

机译：不同膳食水平的维生素C对血清中血清杂交组织抗坏血酸浓度的免疫反应及其影响（男性）和Aristichthys Nobilis Bighead
5. The effects of supplemental dietary vitamins on weight gain and organ production in the variegated sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: echinoidea) [D] . Jones, Warren T. 2011

机译：补充膳食维生素对杂色海胆Lytechinus variegatus（Echinodermata：echinoidea）体重增加和器官产生的影响
6. Self-Care for Common Colds: The Pivotal Role of Vitamin D Vitamin C Zinc and Echinacea in Three Main Immune Interactive Clusters (Physical Barriers Innate and Adaptive Immunity) Involved during an Episode of Common Colds—Practical Advice on Dosages and on the Time to Take These Nutrients/Botanicals in order to Prevent or Treat Common Colds [O] . Mariangela Rondanelli, Alessandra Miccono, Silvia Lamburghini, 2018

机译：普通感冒的自我保健：普通感冒发作期间涉及的三个主要的免疫相互作用簇（物理屏障先天性和适应性免疫）中维生素D维生素C锌和紫锥菊的关键作用-剂量和剂量的实用建议服用这些营养素/植物素以预防或治疗普通感冒的时间
7. Six practical diets were formulated to contain 2.6 (the basal diet), 48.9, 95.5, 189.83, 382.4, 779.53 mg/kg vitamin C diet. After 8 weeks of feeding, growth performance, antioxidant status, and innate immunity of juvenile pufferfish were analyzed. Results showed that specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio in fish fed diets supplemented with vitamin C were significantly higher than in fish fed the control diet. Dietary vitamin C significantly up-regulated the expression levels of growth hormone receptors and Insulin-like growth factor. Blood cell numbers and respiratory burst activity were enhanced in fish fed vitamin C diet. Serum alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity were significantly influenced by the dietary vitamin C levels. Fish fed diets supplemented with vitamin C showed increased hepatic superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activity, but decreased malondialdehyde activity. In addition, we found that dietary vitamin C can significantly up-regulate the expression levels of immune-related genes (HSP70, HSP90, BAFF, TNF-α and IL-6) in liver. These results indicate that dietary vitamin C can significantly influence growth performance, antioxidant status, and innate immunity of pufferfish. [O] . Cheng C-H, Liang H-Y., Guo Z-X., 2017

机译：配制了六种实用饮食，分别含有2.6（基础饮食），48.9、95.5、189.83、382.4、779.53 mg / kg维生素C饮食。喂食8周后，分析了幼崽河豚的生长性能，抗氧化剂状态和先天免疫力。结果表明，补充维生素C的鱼饲料的比生长速率和蛋白质效率比显着高于对照组的鱼。饮食中的维生素C显着上调了生长激素受体和胰岛素样生长因子的表达水平。喂鱼的维生素C饮食可提高血细胞数量和呼吸爆发活性。饮食中的维生素C水平显着影响血清碱性磷酸酶，谷氨酸-丙酮酸转氨酶和谷氨酸-草酰乙酸转氨酶的活性。补充维生素C的鱼饲料日粮中肝超氧化物歧化酶，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性增加，但丙二醛活性降低。此外，我们发现饮食中的维生素C可以显着上调肝脏中免疫相关基因（HSP70，HSP90，BAFF，TNF-α和IL-6）的表达水平。这些结果表明，饮食中的维生素C可以显着影响河豚的生长性能，抗氧化状态和先天免疫力。

Effects of vitamin A overdose on rat’s organs involved in immunity and vitamin A storage

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