摘要：
[Objective] This experiment aims to explore the cotton boll development and the effect on fiber quality and yield of Xinluzao cotton varieties,which might be of great significance to construct high-yielding cultivation technique system and new variety cotton breeding in Xinjiang.[Method] Field experiments were carried out to study the characteristics of cotton boll development among 12 main cotton varieties used widely from 1980s to 2010s,and the boll length,diameter,volume,single boll weight,yield and fiber quality during development were determined.[Result] During the evolutional succession of Xinluzao cotton varieties,boll length,boll diameter,boll volume and boll weight decreased by 2.79％-16.92％,2.27％-13.28％,10.15％-35.9％ and 11.5％-18.9％,respectively;Bolls number per plant and seed cotton yield increased by 4.0％-45.29％ and 8.75％-28.04％,respectively.From 1980s to 2000s,fiber length and fiber strength increased;during the period from 2000 to 2010,there were no obvious changes.The correlation analysis showed that boll length,boll diameter and boll volume were significantly negatively correlated with the bolls number per plant,seed cotton yield,fiber uniformity and micronaire,and significantly positively correlated with single boll weight,fiber length and specific strength.The further path coefficient analysis showed that boll length and boll diameter went against increasing bolls number per plant,but both helped to improve fiber strength and fiber length.[Conclusion] The increase of yield was mainly attributed to the increase of boll number per plant during the evolutional succession of Xinluzao cotton cultivars,and the length and diameter of 0 ～21 d were closely related to the yield and quality.%[目的]明确不同年代新陆早系列棉花品种棉铃发育特性及其与产量和品质的关系.[方法]以1980～2010年推广面积较大的10个新陆早系列棉花品种为材料,测定棉铃发育过程中长度、直径、体积、单铃重、产量及纤维品质.[结果]随品种更替,棉铃铃长、铃直径、铃体积和单铃重分别下降2.79％ ～ 16.92％,2.27％ ～ 13.28％,10.15％ ～ 35.9％和11.5％～18.9％;单株铃数和产量分别增加了4.0％～45.29％和8.75％ ～28.04％.纤维长度和比强度从1980年代到2000年代分别提高了7.6％和11.6％,2000～ 2010年代没有明显的变化.相关分析表明,铃长、铃直径和铃体积与单株结铃数、产量、整齐度和马克隆值成极显著负相关,与单铃重、纤维长度和比强度成显著正相关;通径分析表明,增加棉铃长度和直径有利于提高纤维长度和比强度.[结论]棉花品种演替过程中产量的增加主要归因于单株铃数的增加,铃龄0～21 d铃长和铃直径与产量和品质形成关系密切.
