barrier

摘要： Introduction: Diabetic patients adhering to their treatment are less likely to face complication from their disease. For this reason, we studied the compliance of diabetics with their treatment. Materials and Method: This was a comprehensive cross-sectional study of adherence in diabetic patients. All patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. This study took place at a private pharmacy called “pharmacy Elhadj Seydou Nourou Tall” located in the city of Pikine during the period from April 1 to September 30, 2019. Results: In total, the study population was composed of 125 diabetics;frequency of 8.47%. The average age was 62.5 years and there were more women (58.4%). Of the patients, 87% had a low socioeconomic level and 72% a low educational level. Only 65.6% of the patients knew their diabetes type. Even though 97.6% of the patients were confident in the treatment but due to financial reasons 20.8% did not adhere to the prescribed treatment and 16.8% to their diets. Moreover, 15.2% of the patients had changed the dosage of the prescribed medication, 44.4% had forgotten to take their medication regularly. 78.4% of them thought they were taking too much medication. No factors were found to be statistically associated with poor adherence, but the proportion of poor adherence patients was higher in patients over 60 years of age, with low socio-economic status and low education. Conclusion: Low socio-economic status is the main barrier to good adherence. Recommendations have been formulated to improve this adherence.

摘要： Dielectric polymer nanocomposites are considered as one of the most promising candidates for high-power-density electrical energy storage applications.Inorganic nanofillers with high insulation property are frequently introduced into fluoropolymer to improve its breakdown strength and energy storage capability.Normally,inorganic nanofillers are thought to introducing traps into polymer matrix to suppress leakage current.However,how these nanofillers effect the leakage current is still unclear.Meanwhile,high dopant(>5 vol%)is prerequisite for distinctly improved energy storage performance,which severely deteriorates the processing and mechanical property of polymer nanocomposites,hence brings high technical complication and cost.Herein,boron nitride nanosheet(BNNS)layers are utilized for substantially improving the electrical energy storage capability of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)nanocomposite.Results reveal that the high conduction band minimum of BNNS produces energy barrier at the interface of adjacent layers,preventing the electron in PVDF from passing through inorganic layers,leading to suppressed leakage current and superior breakdown strength.Accompanied by improved Young’s modulus(from 1.2 GPa of PVDF to 1.6 GPa of nanocomposite),significantly boosted discharged energy density(14.3 J cm^(-3)) and charge-discharge efficiency(75%)are realized in multilayered nanocomposites,which are 340 and 300% of PVDF(4.2 J cm^(-3),25%).More importantly,thus remarkably boosted energy storage performance is accomplished by marginal BNNS.This work offers a new paradigm for developing dielectric nanocomposites with advanced energy storage performance.

摘要： Human skin forms a protective barrier against the external environment and is our first line of defense against toxic,solar,and pathogenic insults.Our skin also defines our outward appearance,protects our internal tissues and organs,acts as a sensory interface,and prevents dehydration.

摘要： A large model box was developed in our experiment to study the vibration reduction effect.Five hydraulic highperformance actuators are arranged in the upper part of the model box.There is a time difference between adjacent actuators,which can simulate the train induced vibration.To reduce vibration a composite barrier is designed;the barrier consists of a honeycomb concrete canvas and PE polymer water bags.The concrete canvas can be mixed with water to produce a hydration reaction to form a structure with a certain hardness.By simulating different train speeds and loads,vertical vibration velocity,and acceleration before and after the barrier are compared and analyzed.The experimental results show that the new barrier can achieve a good vibration reduction effect.When the simulated train speed increases,the damping effect of the barrier is improved.At a speed of 180 km/h,an amplitude of 1.5 m after the barrier is found to be 48.6%lower than that before the barrier.Velocity decreases by 24.2%at 36 km/h and by 38.1%at 108 km/h.

摘要： Disruption of the blood brain barrier(BBB)is critical to initiation and perpetuation of disease in multiple sclerosis(MS).We report here an interaction between oligodendroglia and vasculature in MS that distinguishes human white matter injury from normal rodent demyelinating injury.We find perivascular clustering of oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)in certain active MS lesions,representing an inability to properly detach from vessels following perivascular migration.Perivascular OPCs can themselves disrupt the BBB,interfering with astrocyte end feet and endothelial tight junction integrity,resulting in altered vascular permeability and an associated CNS inflammation.

摘要： The aim of this study was to explore the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of DHA on cerebral ischemia injury and blood-brain barrier(BBB)disruption.the focal cerebral I/R model was established by middle cerebral artery oclusion(MCAO).BBB permeability was assessed with the leaking amount of Evans Blue and the expression of occludin and ZO-1.The expression of pyrin domain containing(NLRP3)was checked to explore the inhibition of inflammation by DHA.The results showed that DHA could significantly reduce cortical and sub-cortical infarct volumes,neurologic de ficit scores,cerebral edema,BBB permeability after I/R injury.Leaking amount of Evans Blue was reduced by DHA,and occludin and ZO-1 were up-regulated by DHA.The expression of NLRP3 was inhibited after exposure of DHA.Our results indicated that DHA could effectively penetrate the brain of MCAO rats,aleviated the I/R injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes and improve BBB disruption,showing a great clinical potential for stroke.

摘要： Sertoli cells play essential roles in the process of spermatogenesis such as maintaining the integrity of blood-testis barrier(BTB),engulfing sperm resid ual cytoplasm and secreting critical cytokines.PA1 has been reported to be a unique component of histone lysine methylation modification complex MLL3/4,regulating gene transcription by histone 3 lysine 4 methylation(H3K4me).However,it is unknown whether PA1 is involved in the epigenetic regulation in male reproductive system.

摘要： To investigate whether Bmi-l deficiency lead to intestinal epithelial barrier destruction and microbiota dysfunction and whether p16 deletion could reverse the damage of intestinal epithelial barrier and microbial dysbiosis.Bmi-l and pl6 double-knockout(Bmi-17 pl6/)mice were generated.The barrier structure and function of epithelium,the species,abundance,and function of microflora,and proinflammation of macrophages in intestine were compared with Bmi-l/and wild-type(WT)mice.Bone marrow derived macrophages were infected with fecal mixed bacteria for observing proinflammation.

摘要： The discovery of Earth’s radiation zone divided into two belts is the first major discovery in Human space exploration. The inner belt dominated by energetic protons and the outer belt dominated by energetic electrons imply the inner belt with net positive charge and the outer belt with net negative charge. Earth’s surface carries net negative charge. These exploration data suggest the inner and outer parts of a star may be composed of several discrete charged layers. We propose the mechanism of the star’s multiple Debye spherical layers to adapt to the objective existence. The charged particles in the near-earth space follow the statistical distribution of multiple Debye spherical layers of Earth. The inner belt and outer belt is the main body of layer 8 and layer 9 respectively. The empty slot between the inner and outer belt comes from the action of the electric field between them. An impenetrable barrier to ultra-relativistic electrons originates from the action of the electric field of layer 7.

摘要： Background:Nurse practitioners can assist the healthcare system by administering care to patients with medical or complex or chronic conditions by providing medical and nursing care in an expanded scope of practice.However,there are barriers that influence the implementation of nurse practitioners''role in health settings.Influences among systemic or organization levels have impeded nurse practitioners''role implementation.All 10 studies included in this integrative review are critically explained based on the relevant information categorised into three themes:a lack of clarity regarding nurse practitioners''role,fees for service physician remuneration and resistance from other health professionals.The 10 studies included in this integrative review reveal barriers to nurse practitioners''role implementation in health settings.Objectives:The aim of this integrative literature review is to identify the barriers to implement the nurse practitioners''role.Therefore,the following research question is posed:"What are the barriers to implementing the nurse practitioners''role in health settings?".Methods:An integrative review of the medical and nursing research literature has been conducted using a systemic search accessing CINAHL,Medline,Scopus and PubMed databases.The identified 287 articles have been narrowed to 10 articles based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.A limitation search was applied at the beginning of the search phase to assist in identifying the range and type of studies potentially available for synthesis.The srearch was limited to human,peer reviewed and full text articles available in English language without a date limitation to obtain a large number of avilable studies that were relevant to the topic.Finding:The literature search resulted in 10 primary studies that met the inclusion criteria.All studies included in this integrative review reveal barriers to nurse practitioners''role implementation in health settings.All studies found three barriers that can impact on the implementation which are:the lack of clarity of nurse practitioners''role,fees for service physician remuneration and resistance from other health professionals.Conclusion:Health settings must prepare the surrounding environment and the culture before implementing a new role,such as that of nurse practitioners.Implementing new roles into the organization is not straightforward:multiple influences can affect the implementation,such as barriers.Understanding the involvement of nurse practitioners''role in health settings by health care providers have to be visible and clear and changes that may occur as a result of implementing the role need to be identified to ensure the successful implementation.

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于非对称Barrier Lyapunov函数高速列车粘着防滑控制方法，首先设计混合控制器并在控制器的设计中引入非对称Barrier Lyapunov函数；然后设计变步长搜索算法，并且采用滑模观测器对轮轨间的粘着状态作近似估计；混合控制器包括非对称Barrier Lyapunov函数控制器和滑模控制器；对期望跟踪目标的搜索包括采用滑模观测器对粘着力矩、粘着系数及其导数的观测和变步长期望值搜索策略的设计；其中变步长期望值搜索策略仅依靠高速列车运行中自身状态来设定目标区域约束条件和设计搜索步长；本发明不仅能够避免高速列车在行驶过程中可能发生的车轮滑行现象，并且若列车车轮蠕滑速度的初始状态不位于粘着区域内也能实现轮轨的再粘着控制，实现全局稳定的蠕滑速度跟踪防滑控制。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于触发操作的Barrier操作性能分析方法，其实施步骤如下：1)根据执行Barrier操作的数据传输关系生成触发操作拓扑树；2)将Barrier操作采用指令流的方式描述为原语序列；3)分析触发操作的自动执行部件的数据通信开销；4)根据数据通信开销计算进程集合中每一个进程的Barrier操作对应原语序列的执行时间；5)选择执行时间最长的进程的执行时间作为分析得到的最小执行时间。本发明能够在不需要在并行计算机上运行Barrier算法的情况下估算出该Barrier算法的性能，具有Barrier算法设计和测试的复杂度低、Barrier算法运行测试机时少的优点。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种新型的基于Barrier函数的自适应全局滑模容错控制方法。针对于四旋翼无人机系统发生执行器故障，将全局滑模面与基于Barrier函数的自适应滑模控制相结合，略去了传统Barrier自适应滑模运动阶段一的趋近过程，提升了算法的快速性与准确性。其次，使用Barrier函数自适应律调节切换项的增益，使得控制器增益可以及时准确地随着总扰动的幅值变化而变化，避免了过估计问题，从而减轻控制信号的抖振。本发明用于含有执行器故障的四旋翼无人机的Barrier自适应全局滑模容错控制。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于非对称Barrier Lyapunov函数高速列车粘着防滑控制方法，首先设计混合控制器并在控制器的设计中引入非对称Barrier Lyapunov函数；然后设计变步长搜索算法，并且采用滑模观测器对轮轨间的粘着状态作近似估计；混合控制器包括非对称Barrier Lyapunov函数控制器和滑模控制器；对期望跟踪目标的搜索包括采用滑模观测器对粘着力矩、粘着系数及其导数的观测和变步长期望值搜索策略的设计；其中变步长期望值搜索策略仅依靠高速列车运行中自身状态来设定目标区域约束条件和设计搜索步长；本发明不仅能够避免高速列车在行驶过程中可能发生的车轮滑行现象，并且若列车车轮蠕滑速度的初始状态不位于粘着区域内也能实现轮轨的再粘着控制，实现全局稳定的蠕滑速度跟踪防滑控制。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种基于触发操作的Barrier操作性能分析方法，其实施步骤如下：1)根据执行Barrier操作的数据传输关系生成触发操作拓扑树；2)将Barrier操作采用指令流的方式描述为原语序列；3)分析触发操作的自动执行部件的数据通信开销；4)根据数据通信开销计算进程集合中每一个进程的Barrier操作对应原语序列的执行时间；5)选择执行时间最长的进程的执行时间作为分析得到的最小执行时间。本发明能够在不需要在并行计算机上运行Barrier算法的情况下估算出该Barrier算法的性能，具有Barrier算法设计和测试的复杂度低、Barrier算法运行测试机时少的优点。