摘要：
石油的开采、运输、泄漏及石油产品使用量的不断增加,导致了严重的土壤石油污染,改变了土壤的理化性质,引起土壤中的微生物大量死亡,影响植物的正常生长,并能通过皮肤、呼吸、饮食等方式进入人体,危害健康.因此,土壤石油污染的修复刻不容缓,但修复效果的评价离不开土壤中残留石油的提取和检测,建立快速高效的石油提取和分析测定方法是非常重要的.该研究讨论了检测波长、提取剂种类、提取剂用量以及超声萃取次数、萃取时间、超声萃取功率等影响污染土壤中总石油烃提取的参数和变量,最终建立了一种超声萃取-酶标仪-微量法提取检测污染土壤中总石油烃的方法.确定优化的提取和检测条件为:紫外检测波长为304 nm,用石油醚作提取剂,土液比为1:4,超声萃取2次,每次萃取时间为20 min,超声萃取功率为100 W.该优化条件下,土壤石油添加回收率是88.4％～101.6％,相对标准偏差均小于4.7％,提取测定结果符合环境分析化学检测要求.利用酶标仪代替紫外分光光度计进行检测,能更方便快速的得出结果,且测定溶液用量少,可以更好地推广应用于微量石油污染环境样品的定量检测.此外,该方法用石油醚和乙醇作为提取和定容试剂,克服了采用二氯甲烷、四氯化碳等有机试剂提取而造成溶剂消耗量大、易产生二次污染、不利于环境友好发展等缺点,是一种快速、高效、绿色的提取和测定污染土壤中总石油烃的方法.%An ultrasonic extraction-multiskan spectrum-microtitration assay method has been developed to de-tect the total petroleum hydrocarbons in environmental matrix.With a study into the parameters and variables that affected the extraction and detection of petroleum,it was found that the optimal conditions for extraction and detection are as follows:the detecting wavelength being 304 nm,using petroleum ether as extracting rea-gent,soil and liquid ratio being 1:4,ultrasonic extracting two times with each one lasting 20 minutes,and ul-trasonic extracting power,100 W.Under these conditions,the recovery rates of total petroleum hydrocarbons ranged from 88.4％ to 101.6％,with all the relative standard deviations less than 4.7％.Compared to the tra-ditional extracting method which involves the use of lots of organic reagents such as dichloromethane,it would be more environment-friendly,for it is less harmful to the environment.Replacing ultraviolet spectrophotome-ter with multiskan spectrum,the samples can be detected more easily and rapidly with a relatively small a-mount of solution.Consequently,this method proves to be an efficient,green,rapid and inexpensive approach for extraction and determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons from environmental samples,which can be widely used in the quantitative determination of the trace environmental samples of petroleum contamination.
