玻璃体视网膜病,增生性

摘要： 增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)是眼外伤常见的并发症之一,是外伤后失明的主要原因.包括血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)在内的许多因子参与了外伤性PVR的发病过程,其中VEGF通过拮抗PDGF与PDGF受体a(PDGFRa)结合,促进非PDGF因子介导的PDGFRa间接激活途径,降低细胞内p53水平,促进PVR早期的细胞增生、活化、迁移过程,是外伤性PVR发病机制中的关键环节.%Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a common complication and major cause of blindness of ocular trauma.Many cytokines,including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and plateletderived growth factor (PDGF),participate in the process of the pathogenesis of traumatic PVR.VEGF competitively inhibits binding of PDGF to its receptor (PDGFRα),enables indirect activation of PDGFRα by non-PDGF ligands,resulting in reduced p53 expression,cell proliferation and migration,which is a key point in the pathogenesis of traumatic PVR.

摘要： 目的 采用2种方法进行兔眼内增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR)模型的建立,对比2种方法的成模时间和效果.方法 两实验组分别给予玻璃体腔注射视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)细胞与白细胞介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)的混合液或单纯RPE细胞进行造模,对照组给予玻璃体腔注射生理盐水,术后进行玻璃体、眼底、B超等检查,对玻璃体混浊程度和PVR程度进行分级,并计算视网膜脱离发生率.结果 术后7 d 2组PVR发生率均为100％,但注射RPE细胞联合IL-1β组较单纯注射RPE细胞组PVR发生更早、程度更重、视网膜脱离发生率更高.结论 通过玻璃体腔注射RPE细胞联合IL-1β建立兔眼PVR模型的方法较单纯注射RPE细胞效果更佳,更符合PVR的病理过程.

摘要： Objective To study the effect of TGF-β2 on the epithelial mesenchymal transition of human reti-nal pigment epithelial cells.Methods Cultured ARPE-19 cells were treated with different concentrations of TGF-β2 (0,1,5,10 ng/mL)for 24 h,the cell morphological changes were observed by immunofluorescence staining, the cell migration were observed by transwell chamber,the expressions of the epithelial marker of E-cad and the mesenchymal markers of α-SMA,FN and Col-Ⅰ were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot method.Results With the increase of the concentration of TGF-β2 ,immunofluorescence staining of phalloidin showed that cell filopodia increased and stress fiber of cells became strong and orderly;The results of transwell chamber showed that with the increased concentration of TGF-β2 ,the number of transmembrane cells increased significantly (F =37.45,P <0.05 );The decreased expression of E-cad and the increased expressions of α-SMA,FN and Col-Ⅰwere detected by RT-PCR and western blot gradually in both mRNA and protein levels significantly (P <0.05). Conclusion TGF-β2 may play an important role in pathologic process of PVR by promoting the EMT of RPE cells and the accumulation of Fn and Col-Ⅰ.%目的 研究转化生长因子(TGF)-β2对人视网膜色素上皮细胞间质转化的影响.方法 体外培养的ARPE-19细胞,经不同浓度的TGF-β2(0、1、5、10 ng/mL)处理24 h后,免疫荧光染色观察细胞形态学改变;Transwell小室观察细胞迁移能力的变化;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)及蛋白质印迹法(Western blot-ting)方法检测上皮细胞标记物E-cad及间质细胞标记物α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)及Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Col-Ⅰ)的基因及蛋白表达量.结果 随着TGF-β2浓度的增加,鬼笔环肽免疫荧光染色发现细胞的丝状伪足增多,并且细胞内的应力纤维也变得粗壮而且排列有序;Transwell小室结果显示:跨膜细胞数随TGF-β2浓度增加而逐渐增加,组间差异有统计学意义(F=37.45,P<0.05);E-cad mRNA和蛋白的表达随TGF-β2的浓度增加逐渐下降,组间差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);α-SMA、FN及Col-Ⅰ的mRNA和蛋白的表达随TGF-β2浓度的增加而逐渐增高,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 TGF-β2可能通过促进RPE细胞发生EMT,导致Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和纤维连接蛋白等细胞外基质大量沉积,从而在增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)的发病过程中发挥重要作用.

摘要： 目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）在增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）患者玻璃体中的表达及意义。方法：选取经 B 超及眼底荧光血管造影检查诊断为增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的患者42例（外伤性24例，原发性18例），同时选取同时间段符合本研究要求行眼球摘除的外伤患者28例作为对照组，分别采取玻璃体标本检测 VEGF 和 bF‐GF 含量。结果：外伤性 PVR 和原发性 PVR VEGF 和 bFGF 含量均明显高于对照组（P ＜0．01）；外伤性 PVR 中 D 级 VEGF 含量高于 B 级、C 级，原发性 PVR 中 C 级、D 级 VEGF 含量高于 B 级（P＜0．05）；外伤性 PVR 中 VEGF 含量均低于同级别原发性 PVR 中 VEGF 含量（P＜0．05或 P＜0．01）；外伤性 PVR 中 bFGF 含量 D 级＞ C 级＞ B 级，原发性 PVR 中 bFGF 含量 C 级、D 级＞ B 级（P＜0．05）；外伤性 PVR 中 bFGF 含量均高于同级别原发性 PVR 中 bFGF 含量（P＜0．05或 P ＜0．01）。结论：外伤性 PVR 和原发性 PVR 中 VEGF 和 bFGF 含量均明显高于对照组，且呈现出和病变程度正相关的趋势，VEGF 在原发性 PVR 中表现出较高主导性，而 bFGF 在外伤 PVR 中表现出较高主导性，这为进一步研究其发病机制提帮助。

摘要： 目的：观察家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变（familial exudative vitreoretinopathy，FEVR）在荧光素眼底血管造影（fluorescein fundus angiography，FFA）中的特征性表现，并探讨 FEVR患者 FFA的诊断标准，以提高该类疾病的早期临床诊断率。方法将临床检查确诊为 FEVR的患者13例、26只眼纳入研究，经过眼前节及眼底的详细检查，并依据Pendergast制定的FEVR分期标准，对13例26只眼进行FEVR分期，应用海德堡眼底血管造影成像系统进行检查，记录并分析其眼底特征。结果13例26只眼中，1期15只眼，表现为周边视网膜出现无血管区，多位于颞侧，视网膜血管变直、分支增多、异常吻合；2期7只眼，表现为视网膜新生血管形成、荧光素渗漏；3期2只眼，表现为周边视网膜浅脱离，脱离范围较局限；4期2只眼，表现为黄斑区视网膜脱离；5期0只眼。结论FFA是诊断 FEVR的特异检查指标，对 FEVR的分期起到至关重要的作用，有助于指导临床早期诊断及选择最佳治疗方案。%Objective To observe the characteristics of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR)on fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA),to discuss the FFA diagnostic criteria in patients who suffered from FEVR,and to improve the clinical diagnostic rate of this disease. Methods Thirteen patients(26 eyes)were diagnosed of FEVR by clinical examination in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University.After detailed check in anterior segment and fundus,we classified the eyes according to the criteria of Pendergast for familial exudative vitreoretinopathy.Heidelberg fundus angiography imaging system was applied to inspect 13 patients,and then we recorded and analyzed the characteristics.Results In 1 3 patients(2 6 eyes), 1 5 eyes were at stage 1 with uncompleted vascularization of the periphery,especially in the temporal quadrant,very straight retinal vessels,and more branches of peripheral vessels on FFA;seven eyes were at stage 2 with neovascularization and fluorescein leakage on FFA;two eyes were at stage 3 with limited retinal detachement;two eyes with retinal detachement involving macula were classified as stage 4;no total retinal detachement (stage 5)were observed.Conclusion FFA, as a the specific diagnostic measurement of FEVR,plays an important role in the stage classification of FEVR,and FFA can guide the early diagnosis of FEVR and be of great help in choosing the appropriate treatment.

摘要： 目的：探讨玻璃体视网膜手术（ VRS）治疗合并增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（ PVR）的外伤性视网膜脱离（RD）患者的临床疗效。方法对2007年6月至2013年3月50例（51只眼）合并PVR的外伤性RD患者行VRS治疗，术后随访5～26个月，平均10．8个月。结果视网膜完全解剖复位47只眼，部分复位3只眼，未复位1只眼，总有效率98．4％。视力提高者41只眼（80．39％）；视力不变者7只眼（13．73％），视力下降者4只眼（7.84％）。51只眼均行硅油填充术，继发性青光眼14只眼（27．45％）；8只眼因术后硅油进入前房行前房冲洗术（15．69％）；5只眼视网膜复位后Ⅱ期硅油取出术后低眼压或多次复发RD，长期硅油高粘度填充（9．80％）。结论通过VRS手术能有效解除外伤性PVR引起的视网膜牵拉，复位视网膜，提高视力。%Objective Explore vitreoretinal surgery ( VRS) treatment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy ( PVR) traumatic retinal detachment ( retinal detachment , RD) in patients with recent clinical efficacy .Methods For June 2007-March 2013 50 cases (51 eyes) combined PVR traumatic RD VRS therapy patients were followed up for 5 to 26 months, average 10.8 months.Results 47 full anatomical retinal eye,partial reset three eyes,one eye is not reset, the total effi-ciency of 98.4%.Visual acuity improved in 41eyes (80.39%);vision unchanged in7eyes (13.73%);acuity decreased in4eyes (7.84%).51 eyes underwent silicone oil tamponade , secondary glaucoma,14eyes (27.45%);8 silicone oil into the anterior chamber of the eye because of postoperative anterior chamber lavage after stage Ⅱ(15.69%)5 retinal silicone oil reset remove or multiple recurrent postoperative hypotony RD , long-term high-viscosity silicone oil filling ( accounting for9.80%) .Conclusion By VRS surgery can effectively relieve the retina caused by traumatic PVR stretch , reset the retina and improve vision.

摘要： 目的：设计并化学合成针对ski的siRNA分子片段，转染人视网膜色素上皮（hRPE）细胞抑制ski表达，观察其对hRPE细胞增生和迁移等生物学功能方面的影响。方法设计并化学合成3对针对人ski mRNA(NM_003036)中910、1912和389靶位的siRNAs，以脂质体方法转染hRPE细胞，运用RT-PCR法和Western印迹法检测细胞中ski基因在mRNA水平和蛋白水平的变化。然后利用MTT法和Transwell模型检测转染ski-siRNA的hRPE细胞增生活力和迁移能力等生物学功能方面指标的变化。结果 RT-PCR和Western印迹检测结果证实3条ski-siRNA转染48 h后，均不同程度降低了hRPE细胞中ski基因的mRNA和蛋白表达水平(P＜0.05)，其中siRNA-C的干扰效果最强，与阴性对照相比抑制率达到45%左右，被用于后续生物学功能实验的转染。转染ski-siRNA后2～6 d hRPE细胞的增生能力明显受到抑制(P＜0.05)。与空白对照组和NC组相比，在培养12 h和24 h时，siRNA-C转染hRPE细胞迁移数量明显升高(P＜0.01)。结论 siRNA-C (389)是可以高效、特异地沉默hRPE细胞中ski基因。靶向ski基因的siRNA转染可以有效地抑制hRPE细胞增生，但可能促进细胞迁移。ski对hRPE增生和迁移调控可能是PVR治疗的一个新的方向。%Objective To design and prepare siRNAs targeting ski gene and to observe its effects on the biological characteristics of human retinal pigment (hRPE) cells, such as proliferation and migration. Methods Three pairs of siRNAs targeting ski mRNA 910, 1912 and 389 targets were designed and synthesized by utilizing RNA design software. The most effective siRNA was chosen to transfect into hRPE cells with cathodolyte liposome transfection method. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to measure ski expression at mRNA and protein levels. The cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay and recorded by growth curve. The number of cells which migrate through micropores and stay on the outer bottom side of Transwell systems were observed and calculated under invert microscopy. Results All the 3 specific ski-siRNAs (A, B, C) effectively inhibited the expression of ski gene and protein, with ski-siRNA-C having the highest inhibition rate (45%) compared with the negative control group. Furthermore, the ski-siRNA-C was chose in following transfection studies. The proliferation of hRPE cells was markedly inhibited by ski-siRNA-C after 2 to 6 days(P<0.05), while the migration number of hRPE cells was increased by ski-siRNA after 12 h and 24 h treatment(P<0.01). Conclusions The siRNA-C(389)could effectively knockdown the gene and protein expression of ski in hRPE cells.Silencing ski by siRNA significantly inhibited the proliferation of hRPE cells but may induce migrating of these cells in early stage. The ski might be an efficient target to treat PVR due to its regulation in the proliferation and migration of hRPE cells.

摘要： 开放性眼外伤是常见的致盲原因.一些外伤性无光感眼经玻璃体手术可能重获光感或更好的视力.外伤性无光感眼的摘除应根据玻璃体手术探查的结果而定,而不应在手术探查前摘除.开放性眼外伤玻璃体手术的时机一直是存在争议的问题,但多数医师倾向于伤后2周内行玻璃体手术,研究显示伤后玻璃体手术最迟不应晚于伤后4周.在玻璃体手术过程中,眼球伤道内口周围的视网膜廓清切除和脱离视网膜的复位是防止增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的关键.%Open globe injury is a common cause for blindness.Injured eyes with no light perception (NLP) should not be enucleated before exploratory vitrectomy.Some NLP eyes may attain light perception or better vision through the vitrectomy.The decision of enucleation should be determined during exploratory vitrectomy.The timing of vitrectomy in the open globe injury still has controversy,but more surgeons agreed that vitrectomy should be performed within 2 weeks after open globe injury.The deadline of timing of vitreetomy is 4 weeks after injury.Retinectomy around the edge of the wound and retinal re-attachment surgery are the key points to prevent proliferative vitreoretinopathy resulted from the injury.

摘要： Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a leading blinding disease,which is otten associated with ocular trauma,rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and diabetic retinopathy.PVR involves the vitreous and retina and its occurrence is characterized by vitreoretinal cells migration,transformation and excessive proliferation which lead to the formation of pre-or sub-retinal membrane or membrane formation in the vitreous.The subsequent contraction of the membrane can lead to retinal detachment and loss of vision.At present,vitrectomy is the standard treatment modality for the treatment of PVR.However,this procedure is expensive and post-operative vision is often unsatisfactory.With the advances of biological studies,the pathogenesis of PRV becomes clear,and the corresponding pharmacological intervention studies targeting the relevant pathways developed rapidly.This review is aiming to highlight the new developments in pharmacological prevention and treatment for PVR.%增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)是一种常见的致盲性眼病,常发生于眼外伤、孔源性视网膜脱离和严重糖尿病性视网膜病变的患者.目前,玻璃体手术是治疗PVR的主要手段,但手术费用昂贵,术后视力恢复效果常不令人满意.研究表明,PVR发生时,玻璃体中的细胞生长因子和炎症因子、基质蛋白以及不同细胞之间相互影响与促进,导致增生膜的形成.对PVR发生机制的进一步认识,有助于选择合适药物,阻断参与细胞的反应进程,预防PVR的发生.本文主要对目前已知的PVR发病机制加以概述,着重对干扰PVR发生的最新药物、缓释系统治疗进行综述.

摘要： 本发明公开了一种适用于增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的玻璃体替代材料，通过以下步骤制备而成：（1）将PVA水溶液加热，添加交联剂发生交联反应，将pH值调节至中性，制得PVA水凝胶；（2）取5‑氟尿嘧啶与PLGA溶解于有机溶剂中，然后缓慢滴加至含有乳化剂的液体石蜡中，恒温加热搅拌乳化，得到乳液；（3）向步骤（2）所述的乳液中加石油醚至乳液全部形成沉淀，离心得到微球；（4）使用石油醚离心洗涤微球，干燥后得到5‑氟尿嘧啶微球；（5）将所述的PVA水凝胶和5‑氟尿嘧啶微球在加热条件下混合并搅拌，得到玻璃体替代材料。该材料具有与自然玻璃体相接近的性能，为增生性玻璃体视网膜病变患者提供了理想的治疗方式。

摘要： 本发明公开了Chalcomoracin及其同系物在制备治疗和预防增生性玻璃体视网膜病变药物中的应用。Chalcomoracin及其同系物能够抑制玻璃体诱导的AKT激活和p53下降，阻断玻璃体刺激的ARPE‑19细胞增殖、迁移和收缩，具有治疗和预防增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的作用。

摘要： 本发明公开了circRNA在制备增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)诊断试剂中的应用。本发明还公开了一种PVR诊断的circRNA检测试剂盒。该试剂盒主要包括RNA抽提体系、反转录反应体系和PCR反应体系。通过实时荧光定量PCR技术，检测玻璃体和血清中的circRNA的相对含量，用于PVR的早期诊断。该方法具有创伤性小、灵敏度高和操作简单的特点。

摘要： 本发明提供了lncRNA‑MALAT1在制备增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)诊断试剂中的应用。本发明还提供了一种PVR诊断的MALAT1检测试剂盒。该试剂盒包括RNA抽提体系、反转录反应体系和PCR反应体系。本发明的试剂盒利用实时荧光定量PCR方法，通过检测血清或者血浆中MALAT1的相对含量，进行PVR的早期诊断。该方法具有创伤性小，操作方便等特点。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种治疗增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的中药制剂的质量检测方法，该制剂由水蛭、三棱、山楂、昆布、海藻五味中药组方，经提取加工制成复方中药制剂，该制剂具有活血化瘀、软坚散结、消积导滞的功能，用于痰瘀互结所致的增生性玻璃体视网膜病变，症见视物昏朦，眼前黑影遮挡，甚或视物不见，神膏混浊，视衣僵硬。本发明所提供的质量检测方法稳定可靠、操作简便，且准确度高，对水蛭、三棱、昆布、海藻和山楂进行了检测，保证了药品的安全性和有效性。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种适用于增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的玻璃体替代材料，通过以下步骤制备而成：（1）将PVA水溶液加热，添加交联剂发生交联反应，将pH值调节至中性，制得PVA水凝胶；（2）取5‑氟尿嘧啶与PLGA溶解于有机溶剂中，然后缓慢滴加至含有乳化剂的液体石蜡中，恒温加热搅拌乳化，得到乳液；（3）向步骤（2）所述的乳液中加石油醚至乳液全部形成沉淀，离心得到微球；（4）使用石油醚离心洗涤微球，干燥后得到5‑氟尿嘧啶微球；（5）将所述的PVA水凝胶和5‑氟尿嘧啶微球在加热条件下混合并搅拌，得到玻璃体替代材料。该材料具有与自然玻璃体相接近的性能，为增生性玻璃体视网膜病变患者提供了理想的治疗方式。

摘要： 本发明公开了Chalcomoracin及其同系物在制备治疗和预防增生性玻璃体视网膜病变药物中的应用。Chalcomoracin及其同系物能够抑制玻璃体诱导的AKT激活和p53下降，阻断玻璃体刺激的ARPE‑19细胞增殖、迁移和收缩，具有治疗和预防增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的作用。

摘要： 本发明公开了circRNA在制备增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)诊断试剂中的应用。本发明还公开了一种PVR诊断的circRNA检测试剂盒。该试剂盒主要包括RNA抽提体系、反转录反应体系和PCR反应体系。通过实时荧光定量PCR技术，检测玻璃体和血清中的circRNA的相对含量，用于PVR的早期诊断。该方法具有创伤性小、灵敏度高和操作简单的特点。

摘要： 本文公开了用于通过抑制活化的转化生长因子β活化激酶1(TAK-1)的活性或抑制其活化来治疗增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)的方法。还提供了用于在所述治疗中使用的药物组合物。

摘要： 本发明提供了lncRNA-MALAT1在制备增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)诊断试剂中的应用。本发明还提供了一种PVR诊断的MALAT1检测试剂盒。该试剂盒包括RNA抽提体系、反转录反应体系和PCR反应体系。本发明的试剂盒利用实时荧光定量PCR方法，通过检测血清或者血浆中MALAT1的相对含量，进行PVR的早期诊断。该方法具有创伤性小，操作方便等特点。