矿岩

摘要： 为研究矿岩-充填体组成的复合体及其接触带的力学变形特征,进行复合体试样的轴向加载、双向剪切加载、设计的类三轴加载试验等3种不同的模拟加载方式.借助应变片和应变计观察充填体与矿岩复合体在轴向加载作用下的应变变化情况,通过显微成像设备观察不同荷载作用下存在的裂纹萌生扩展.同时进行了相应的数值模拟研究.试验结果表明对于矿岩接触带的应变值,上水平面的应变值要远远大于下水平面的应变值;从充填体到接触带,再到矿岩,其应变值逐渐减小,其中靠近接触带充填体侧的应变值突变次数要多于靠近接触带矿岩侧的应变值;在荷载作用下,出现的裂纹萌生,会随着荷载的加大而逐渐扩展,而没有裂纹和破坏的表壁并没有相关破坏点.3种加载方式中都是矿岩产生损伤破坏相对较大,其中类三轴加载试验中的矿岩破坏最严重.数值模拟结果验证相应监测点的应变值变化规律,结果吻合较好.%In order to study the mechanical deformation characteristics of the composite of rock mass-filling body and its contact zone,three different loading modes,such as axial loading,bi-directional shear loading,and designed similar triaxial loading tests are adopted.The strain changes of the composite under axial loading are observed by the strain gauges.The crack initiation and propagation under different loads are observed by means of microscopic imaging equipment.Meanwhile,the corre-sponding numerical simulation is carried out.The results show that the strain value of the contact zone at the upper horizontal plane is larger than that at the lower horizontal plane.The strain value gradually decreases from the filling body to the contact zone and then to the ore body,the number of abrupt changes of strain values near the side of filling body at contact zone is more than that near the rockmass.Under the action of load,the crack initiation will gradually expand with the increase of load,and there is no relevant damage point of the surface with no crack and damage.Under the three kinds of loadings,the major damage occurs at rock ore with the most serious damage in triaxial loading test.It is verified that the variation rule of strain values of the corresponding monitoring points are in good agreement with the numerical simulation.

摘要： 采用声发射(AE)信号分析仪,针对由不同强度矿岩组成的复合体以及胶结充填体/围岩复合体进行轴向载荷作用下的声发射监测.根据AE点分布、振铃计数、AE能量值变化来定位复合体的内部损伤破坏,并对复合体内部损伤引起的表壁裂纹扩展特征应用分形理论进行评估,同时借助软塑料薄片对复合体各部分的接触区域进行损伤破坏表征.研究结果表明,在加载初期,复合体中AE点较少,即将发生破坏时AE点剧增,同时复合体内部的AE点集中区域存在较大的宏观可见的破坏裂纹;软塑料薄片的破坏情况较准确地表征了不同强度介质接触面相互作用下的损伤特征;对表壁裂纹的分析有助于形成全面的复合体内部损伤破坏评估体系.

摘要： 事件：7月5日来自约翰尼斯堡的消息称，韦丹塔锌业国际公司旗下位于南非北开普省的Gamsberg锌矿项目已经开始了试生产，计划9月份产出第一批精矿。公告称，2018年6月底废石预剥离工作已经结束，采矿工作正式开始。期间预剥离废石约6720万吨（最初的目标是6800万吨），同时采出48．7万吨矿石（最初的目标是采出50万吨）。目前，采矿团队已经实现每月剥离矿岩400—450万吨的稳定生产水平，此水平将维持至正式投产。

摘要： 为研究胶结充填体早期强度时的矿岩接触带力学作用机理,根据不同充填体情况下的矿房矿柱受力特点简化了相应的力学模型,分析矿岩顶板和矿柱的力学作用机理并进行了相关的模拟实验。选用没有强度的橡皮泥作为早期强度的胶结充填体,通过电阻应变仪对接触带内置电阻应变片和表壁粘贴电阻应变片的应变值进行比较,分析在不断加载过程中接触带及各处的应变变化情况,同时进行数值模拟的相关验证工作。结果表明,在荷载作用下接触带处拉压应力发生突变,挤压造成充填体内部向中心区域挤压。

摘要： 早强胶结充填体与矿岩的相互作用机理是提高充填效率与效果的关键.为了研究早强胶结充填体与矿岩的相互作用机理,选用石蜡为研究对象,运用应变计、电阻应变片进行监测,进行裂纹扩展表征比较.建立数值模拟试验模型比较应变值和安全系数分布.通过对未充填、单充填体、双充填体、双充填体非对称分布、充填体蠕变失效等5种工况的比对研究,提出基于充填空区关键块撞击冲量的阶段矿房上向水平分层错开嗣后充填采矿法.试验结果表明:石蜡能够作为胶结充填体早期强度模拟材料;在矿房矿柱相邻水平错开回采能够有效减小应力集中;在同等荷载作用下能够减小充填空区侧帮的塑性破坏区面积.充填体发生失效后导致早强胶结充填体与矿岩相互作用的力学变形特征发生突变.%The mechanism of the interaction between the early cemented filling body and the ore rock is the key to im-prove the filling efficiency and effect. In order to study the mechanism of the interaction between the early cemented filling body and the ore rock,the paraffin is chosen as the research object,the strain gauge and resistance strain gauge are used to conduct monitoring and comparison and analysis of the crack propagation characterization. The numerical simulation model is estab-lished to compare the distribution of strain and safety coefficient. Through the comparison of five kinds of working conditions, such as the comparison of the non filling, the single filling body, the double filling body, the asymmetric distribution of the double filling body,and the creep failure of the filling body,the stage stop upward horizontal staggered afterwards filling mining method based on the critical filling block impact impulse is proposed. The test results show that the wax can be used as the ear-ly strength simulation material of cemented filling body;the stress concentration can be effectively reduced by mining stope and pillar adjacent horizontal staggered;under the same load,the area of plastic area can be reduced. After the failure of the filling body,the sudden changes of the mechanical deformation behaviors of the interaction between the early cemented filling body and the ore rock are caused.

摘要： In order to study the influence of dunn bass on the mechanical deformation characteristics of the ore body,the full-y refined industrial paraffin was chosen as the simulation material of dunn bass,and made proportioning with cement and mineral powder to prepare the test specimens. The failure characteristics of the ore rock with dunn bass were clarified through the combined representation of mechanical deformation characteristics for dunn bass test specimens during the loading process by the surface wall crack propagation,microscopic imaging,surface wall strain value change,overall loading compression de-formation,magnetic induction intensity change and infrared temperature measurement. A numerical simulation method of dunn bass was put forward,and the change of safety coefficient,the maximum principal stress and the strain at different mo-nitoring points for ore rock with different dunn bass contents were monitored. The results showed that more cracks appeared on the surface wall of test specimens with dunn bass during the loading process,with the short cracks as primary,and the distribution region was wide. The change of longitudinal strain on surface wall was more stable,while the transverse strain presented a stepped change. The infrared temperature measurement had no constant change amplitude,with a fluctuant change of ups and downs. The change of magnetic induction intensity had the characteristics of ascending and descending type,descending and steady type,and descending and ascending type. The numerical simulation results showed that the ex-istence of dunn bass weakened the overall strength of ore rock,which was consistent with the similar simulation results. Dif-ferent dunn bass strength had different influence on the overall stability of ore rock. When the overall stability of test speci-men related to the physical properties of dunn bass,and the dunn bass strength was about 50% of the ore strength,they con-tacted with each other closely,and the existence of dunn bass and its content had little influence. If the dunn bass strength was only 2% of the ore strength,the corresponding measurement points fluctuated greatly. If the integrity of specimen was bad,there were many microscopic empty space,and the strain value change of the corresponding measurement points around the empty space fluctuated greatly.%为研究夹石对矿体力学变形特性的影响,选用全精炼的工业石蜡作为夹石模拟材料,并与水泥和矿粉进行配比制样.通过表壁裂纹扩展、微观成像、表壁应变值变化、整体加载压缩变形、磁感应强度变化、红外温度测量共同表征夹石试样在加载过程中的力学变形特征,厘清夹石矿岩的破坏特点.同时提出了一种数值模拟夹石的方法,进行不同夹石含量矿岩的安全系数、最大主应力及不同监测点处应变值的变化监测.试验结果表明:存在夹石的试样在加载过程中表壁出现较多裂纹条数,且以短裂纹为主,分布区域较广;表壁纵向应变变化较平稳,而横向应变存在阶梯型变化;红外温度测量并无恒定的变化幅度,存在升降的起伏变化;磁感应强度值变化存在上升下降型、下降平稳型、下降上升型的变化特点.数值模拟结果表明:夹石的存在弱化了矿岩的整体强度,这与相似模拟结果具有一致性.同时不同的夹石强度对矿岩的整体稳定性影响不一样.当试样的整体稳定性与夹石的物理性质有关,夹石强度是矿石强度50%左右时,彼此接触严丝合缝,夹石存在及含量的多少产生的影响不大;如果夹石强度只是矿石强度的2%时,相应的测点起伏变化较大;如果试样完整性不好,存在较多微观空区,空区附近的相应测点的应变值变化起伏较大.

摘要： 为更好地研究矿岩和充填体的相互作用机理,依据充填体的不同硬化时期对顶板和矿岩所处的支撑效应,将充填体分为小变形阶段的弹性变形和大变形阶段的塑性变形,建立相应的充填体与围岩相互作用的悬臂梁+均布荷载及相关约束的力学模型.同时通过配比制作标准圆柱体,待强度稳定后进行切割打磨,在中间掏空20 mm厚度的半圆饼,并用水砂比为1:12的配料进行充填.通过电阻应变片,测试试样在加载作用下的内部和表壁应变情况,分析接触带处的应力应变变化规律.进一步通过数值模拟软件,模拟相关过程,验证相关试验结果.模拟结果表明:随着加载的进行,接触带的应变变化增幅较大,在没有围压约束、轴向荷载作用情况下,充填体受压从临空面开始产生了剥落现象.围压约束有效增大了接触带区域的安全系数值,局部区域从塑性破坏区变成稳定区.%In order to better study the interaction mechanism of ore-bearing rock and filling body,according to the sup-porting effect of roof and ore-bearing rock in different hardening periods of the filling body,the filling body is divided into the elastic deformation in small deformation stage and plastic deformation in large deformation stage. The corresponding mechanical model of cantilever beam + uniform load and related restraints of the interaction of the filling body and the surrounding rock is established. At the same time,the standard cylinder is made based on the ratio,cutting and grinding are conducted after the sta-bility of the filling body strength,the semi-round cake with the thickness of 20 mm is hollowed out in the middle of standard cylinder,and it is filled with the materials with the water and sand ratio of 1 : 12. Through the strain gauge,the variation regu-larities of stress and strain of the contact zone is analyzed by testing the internal and surface wall strain under the loading,be-sides that,the relevant process is simulated and relevant test results are verified by using numerical simulation software. Simu-lation results show that with loading,the stain variation increasing amplitude is big,under the condition of no confining pres-sure,with the action of axial loading,the spalling phenomenon of filling body caused from temporary surface. The safety coeffi-cient in contact zone is increased under the constraint of confining pressure,the local area is transformed from plastic failure zone to stable zone.

摘要： 为了准确反映岩体可爆性等级，构建了由弹性波阻抗、坚固性系数、平均裂隙距和标准爆破漏斗炸药单耗4个因素组成的评价体系，采用改进的灰色关联分析法对传统的岩体可爆性等级划分标准进行优化。利用灰色关联相对贴近度(GCRN)来反映各可爆性等级之间的差别，确定各可爆性等级对应的灰色关联相对贴近度区间，以此划分新的岩体可爆性等级。采用基于 GCRN 的矿岩可爆性分级模型对武钢资源集团公司程潮矿业有限公司东、西区矿体的可爆性级别进行评价，评价结果与实际情况基本一致，表明利用灰色关联相对贴近度来划分矿岩可爆性等级的方法是可行的。%To classify the ore-bearing rock-mass blastability,an assessment index model was construc-ted which considers mainly four factors,i.e.elastic wave impedance,firmness coefficient,average fracture width,and explosive consumption of standard blasting craters.The improved grey relational analysis method was used to optimize the traditional standards for ore-bearing rock-mass blastability classification,and the grey correlative relative nearness (GCRN)was used to reflect the difference be-tween blastability grades and determine the GCRN interval corresponding to each blastability grade, which was then employed to classify rock-mass blastability.The application of the proposed GCRN-based model in Chengchao Iron Mine shows that the model results of blastability classification of ore bodies in eastern and western sections accords basically with the engineering realities,suggesting that the proposed model is feasible.

摘要： 黄蜡石是地球上分布极广的矿岩,经过多年资源的开发和赏玩方式的拓展,有些"变成"了黄龙玉或其他玉,成了横跨观赏石和宝玉石界的两栖明星。观赏石或纵向递进"+",或横向互补"+",在其普及发展过程中,越"+"路越宽。去年下半年,江西省鹰潭市月湖区副区长寿莉蓉女士来京向寿嘉华会长汇报鹰潭月湖区推动特色文化产业发展的设想,得到寿会长和中石协的大力支持,同时还拟定了本期专题主旨:以黄蜡石为切入点,做好"黄蜡石+文化+科学+旅游"这篇大文章。

摘要： 采矿过程中,矿岩的破碎块度是评价爆破效果的重要指标,它直接影响矿山的技术方案、设备选型、经济效果等问题,甚至会严重威胁矿山连续安全生产.首先分析了矿岩爆破块度对矿山的影响,然后重点归纳总结了现阶段矿岩爆破块度的影响因素、描述方法、基本理论、预测方法,最后根据矿岩爆破块度研究的现状,通过分析得出了一些结果,为矿山爆破工程提供参考.

摘要： 本文通过对任意入射应力脉冲条件下，水平撞杆法中岩样内部应力均匀化可能性所作的理论分析，论证了用水平撞杆法研究矿岩冲击破碎规律及其动态特性的可行性。在此基础上，详细介绍了自行研制的适用于矿岩冲击破碎领域的气动水平冲击实验机。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种适用于硬岩矿开采的刀盘及硬岩开采方法，所述刀盘包括用于接收径向驱动力的回转轴孔、刀盘架、破岩滚，所述破岩滚安装在刀盘架上，破岩滚的布置方向满足破岩滚破岩适于径向推进。利用该刀盘进行硬岩开采方法是一种刀盘采用径向推进的方法。本发明这种刀盘结构能形成超大型高强度圆盘式结构，通过大扭矩液压马达驱动，保障刀盘在破岩工作时有足够的回转扭矩；并能通过各破岩滚合理布置，保证刀盘转动时破岩滚均匀切削岩面，保证刀盘整体受力平均，同时保证岩体内应力均衡，达到最佳破岩效果，能切割岩石硬度f≥8的岩石，可以实现连续破岩作业，能用于智能化设备，以实现智能化高效采掘。

摘要： 本发明公开一种基于XRF录井的岩矿组成反演法砂泥岩岩性识别方法，主要步骤包括：首先，建立砂泥岩岩矿组成成分反演的理论基础和解释原则，然后计算岩性特征量参数、岩性特征量指数及衍生解释比值参数，建立砂泥岩岩性识别的评价标准与参数组合，建立砂泥岩岩性识别解释评价模型及流程。极大消除了人为主观判断因素影响，实现快速、定量化的岩性识别评价；应用本发明技术能够很好的解决快速钻井条件下钻井参数特征不明显、岩屑细小混杂、岩性识别困难及岩性识别误差大的难题，为油气显示发现与快速解释及后续勘探开发决策管理等提供可靠参考依据。

摘要： 本实用新型属于岩矿鉴定取样技术领域，尤其为一种岩矿实验测试用的岩矿取样设备，包括采样机主体，所述采样机主体的外端设置有控制杆，所述控制杆的内部设置有伸缩杆，所述控制杆的内部固定设置有限位套，所述采样机主体的一端固定设置有海绵，与现有技术相比，本实用新型的有益效果是：本实用新型中通过设置取样箱，在取样过程中，会有一部分样品到取样箱内部，使取样工作更加便捷；还通过设置单向密封板，避免了取样箱内部的样品外流，提高了实用性；本实用新型设置蓄油箱，蓄存润滑油，还通过设置控制块和软管以及海绵使润滑油能均匀的分布在伸缩杆的外端，减少了取样箱在伸缩时的磨损，提高了稳定性。

摘要： 本实用新型公开了一种岩矿实验测试用的岩矿取样设备，包括底座、柱体、滑动杆、第一弹簧、活动杆、活动头、研磨箱、固定环、密封圈、筒体、环体、活动盖、第一滑动杆、第二弹簧、固定板、气缸、支撑板，所述固定环与密封圈密封连接，密封圈远离固定环的一端与筒体固定连接，所述筒体与环体固定连接。本实用新型通过往环体上放入要研磨的岩矿，由于岩矿本身具有重量，压到活动盖，活动盖下移，岩矿落入研磨箱内，同时滑动杆下滑，第二弹簧被挤压，第二弹簧的作用是在没有岩矿落入活动盖上时，第二弹簧的回复力使得滑动杆上移，从而活动盖与环体相密封连接，完成隔绝外界，使得研磨时产生的颗粒不易乱飞，保证了工作人员的安全健康。

摘要： 本实用新型属于岩矿光片检测技术领域，公开了一种岩矿激光测试光片，包括检测样品，还包括套片，所述套片至少设置有一个填充孔，所述填充孔的上下两端分别具有向纵向延伸且与填充孔形状相匹配的延伸部；所述填充孔内设置有树脂，所述树脂内镶嵌有检测样品；还公开了一种岩矿光片检测用安装装置，包括如上所述的一种岩矿激光测试光片；还包括下底板和上盖板，所述下底板的顶部开设有用于安装套片的安装槽，所述安装槽的底部开设有供延伸部穿过的下通孔。本实用新型解决了现有安装装置不便于安装、不利于对检测样品进行防护的问题，能够对检测样品进行很好的防护，而且具有较好的透明度，利于检测的可靠性和精确性。

摘要： 本发明提供一种基于矿岩破裂的松动体、放出体及崩落矿岩形状的模拟方法，所述方法包括：根据椭圆及其内接多边形的几何关系，采用椭圆的内接多边形模拟实际不规则矿岩散体形状，利用颗粒流数值软件构建不规则颗粒模型；根据已知放矿室内试验中所用散体材料的物理力学性质，研究松动体和放出体的形态变化规律,确定放矿数值模型及颗粒细观力学参数；通过改变颗粒间的平行粘结强度，进行放矿数值试验确定平行粘结强度和矿岩二次破裂的关系；验证不规则颗粒模型以及放矿数值模型的准确性。不仅实现了散体颗粒在形状上与实际矿岩散体更为接近，而且满足了矿岩能够发生二次破裂的特性，提高了放矿数值模型研究的准确性。

摘要： 一种露天矿矿岩台阶岩体可爆性分级评价方法，选取岩体可爆性分级指标，确定岩体可爆性分级标准，分别计算各可爆性分级指标对应的云的数字特征期望Ex、熵En、超熵He，编写正向正态云发生器，生成各可爆性分级指标隶属各岩体可爆性等级的云模型；选取岩体样本进行测量，计算出各可爆性分级指标隶属于各可爆性等级的确定度；统计样本数据，得出各可爆性分级指标的综合权重；综合各可爆性等级的确定度和各可爆性分级指标的综合权重，计算出岩体隶属于各可爆性等级的综合确定度，得出可爆性等级确定度模型，进而确定岩体的可爆性等级；分级结束。本发明可以克服现有可爆性分级方法对岩体可爆性分级的模糊性与随机性缺陷，给出较高准确性和可靠性的分级结果。

摘要： 本发明公开了蓄水型废弃露天矿岩质高陡边坡岩体劣化损伤光学采样装置，其包括：固定柱，横向插接在边坡岩体内，所述固定柱的上端连接有锚索，所述锚索的一端连接外设架点；安装主件，竖直固定在所述固定柱的下端面，所述安装主件被构造成两段式可伸缩结构；测距调节组件，横向固定在所述安装主件的下端，所述安装主件上设有液压伸缩杆，所述测距调节组件能够基于边坡岩体表面进行水平测距；光学采样组件，安装在所述测距调节组件上，用于对边坡岩体表面进行覆盖式扫描；以及变轨微调组件，连接在所述光学采样组件与测距调节组件之间，所述光学采样组件滑动设置在变轨微调组件上，并由所述变轨微调组件对其滑动轨迹进行微调，以便所述光学采样组件能够等距架设在边坡岩体一侧。

摘要： 本发明提供一种基于矿岩破裂的松动体、放出体及崩落矿岩形状的模拟方法，所述方法包括：根据椭圆及其内接多边形的几何关系，采用椭圆的内接多边形模拟实际不规则矿岩散体形状，利用颗粒流数值软件构建不规则颗粒模型；根据已知放矿室内试验中所用散体材料的物理力学性质，研究松动体和放出体的形态变化规律,确定放矿数值模型及颗粒细观力学参数；通过改变颗粒间的平行粘结强度，进行放矿数值试验确定平行粘结强度和矿岩二次破裂的关系；验证不规则颗粒模型以及放矿数值模拟的准确性。不仅实现了散体颗粒在形状上与实际矿岩散体更为接近，而且满足了矿岩能够发生二次破裂的特性，提高了放矿数值模拟研究的准确性。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种变质岩区晶质石墨矿找矿方法及系统，其中找矿方法包括以下步骤：A、将成矿模式确定为高级变质岩区区域变质型成矿模式；B、在找矿过程中开展大比例尺构造‑岩相填图，确定含晶质石墨岩石层位，含晶质石墨矿岩石类型，构造变化特征；C、激电中梯面积测量，初步圈定含晶质石墨岩层分布范围，圈定找矿靶区；D、进行可控源音频大地电磁测深剖面测量，确定含晶质石墨岩石层位赋存深度及形态变化特征等。利用该方法能够高效解决高级变质岩区构造变形复杂、隐伏晶质石墨矿体产状变化大的问题，快速定位高级变质岩内晶质石墨矿体，达到提高找矿效率，节省钻探成本的目的，缩短高级变质岩区晶质石墨矿的勘查周期。