摘要：
Objective To summarize the medical security experience in first-aid and resuscitation for astronauts at the exit of capsule after the spacecraft returns to the main landing site in the process of human spaceflight in China,and thus to provide a powerful security measures for Chinese aerospace medicine.Methods The medical support experiences were summarized in human spaceflight from "Shenzhou V" to "Shenzhou X",relevant reports on emergency rescue and resuscitation were consulted in in-orbit process and after emergency return and landing for domestic and foreign astronauts,astronauts' physiological changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation were analyzed during emergency return,and then,corresponding strategies were proposed and tested in practice (actual combat) by combining with the flight characteristics of the spacecraft "Shenzhou XI".Results On the basis of the original emergency treatment,the countermeasures for the cardiopulmonary resuscitation were proposed after the spacecraft returned to the main landing site in human spaceflight,the emergency equipment was adjusted,the emergency procedures were optimized,and anti-fog glidescopes were added,laryngeal masks were introduced to perform supraglottic ventilation as the quickest and most effective airway opening measure on site.In addition,ultrasound examination was applied in practice as an important treatment and assessment method for basic life support and advanced life support.All these could ensure the rescuing ability on cardiopulmonary resuscitation during their stay in space for the medium-term and after their return to the main landing site.Conclusions During the return of the astronauts of the spacecraft "Shenzhou XI" to the main landing site,the first aid and support program had been improved specifically and the process had been optimized to ensure the successful completion of medical security mission of China's human spaceflight.%目的 总结我国载人航天主着陆场舱前急救复苏保障经验,确保载人航天医学保障有力.方法 总结“神舟五号”至“神舟十号”载人航天医疗保障经验,查阅国内外航天员在轨与应急返回着陆后急救复苏的相关报道,分析航天员应急返回时心肺复苏生理基础,结合“神舟十一号”飞行特点,提出相应策略,并在实战中加以检验.结果 在原有舱前急救基础上提出了载人航天主着陆场心肺复苏应对策略,调整了急救设备、优化了急救程序,添加了防雾可视喉镜,引入喉罩行声门上通气作为现场最快捷有效的气道开放措施,在实战中应用超声作为基础生命支持与高级生命支持的重要救治评估手段,保证了“神舟十一号”飞船航天员中期驻留太空后主着陆场心肺复苏的救治能力.结论 “神舟十一号”飞船航天员主着陆场舱前急救保障方案经过针对性的改进和流程优化,为载人航天医疗保障任务的胜利完成提供了有力保证.
