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When and where will vetches have an impact as grain legumes?

机译：何时何地将唤醒作为粮食豆类的影响？

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The diversity of the genus Vicia L. (vetches) provides a wealth of domesticated crop plants for Mediterranean and temperate agriculture. The levels of domestication (soft seededness, high grain yield, high harvest index, +/- reduced shattering, +/- high biomass) found in several Vicia spp make them attractive as grain and forage crops for dryland farming. Species such as V. sativa L., V. narbonensis L., V. articulata Hornem. and V. pannonica are candidates for further domestication towards grain legume status. Vetches have an advantage over most of the food legumes in being better suited to hay production and most are thus dual purpose crops. They will have an increasing role as animal protein becomes scarcer and more expensive. Vetches already occupy special niches in farming systems because of their wide adaptation and ability to grow where food legumes are not suited. These include extremes of winter cold and very dry conditions. They may also be considered as alternative leguminous break cropswhere diseases and pests may otherwise limit the production of traditional food legumes. Despite these inherent advantages, their potential role as food legumes in human diets is largely unexplored. Traditional barriers need to be overcome and breeders will have to ensure that their product is free of toxins. The current program at ICARDA is one of the few in the world aimed at enhancing the value of vetches by improving quality, harvest index and harvestability, while Australian scientists are screening V. sativa, V. narbonensis and V. ervilia collections for genotypes with higher seed production, reduced toxicity and improved palatability. The relative lack of breeding effort in itself is a barrier to domestication.
机译：属蚕豆L.（野豌豆）的多样性提供了丰富的驯化的作物为地中海和温带农业。驯化的水平（软seededness，高产量，高收获指数，降低+/-粉碎，+/-高生物质）在几个蚕豆属使它们作为谷物和饲料作物对旱地农业吸引力找到。物种如五，紫花苜蓿，五narbonensis L.，五articulata Hornem。和五pannonica是对谷物豆类地位进一步驯化的候选人。野豌豆有超过大多数豆类食物的优势正在更适合干草生产，大部分是这样两用作物。作为动物蛋白越来越稀少，更昂贵他们将有越来越大的作用。野豌豆已经在耕种，因为他们的适应面广，并生长在豆类食物不适应能力的系统占据特殊利基。这些措施包括冬季寒冷的极端和非常干燥的条件。它们也被认为是替代豆科休息cropswhere病虫害否则可能限制生产传统豆类食物的。尽管有这些先天优势，它们作为人类饮食豆类食物的潜在作用是很大的未开发。传统的障碍需要克服和育种者必须确保他们的产品是免费的毒素。在ICARDA目前的计划是在世界上旨在通过提高质量，收获指数和收获性增强野豌豆的价值屈指可数，而澳大利亚科学家目前正在筛选V.水稻，五narbonensis和V. ervilia藏品具有较高的基因型种子生产，降低的毒性和改善的可口性。相对缺乏自身繁殖的努力是一个障碍驯化。

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