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首页> 外文会议>Proceedings of the 18th congress of the International Society for Mushroom Science >The Development of a New Concept and System for Watering During Agaricus bisporus Cultivation
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The Development of a New Concept and System for Watering During Agaricus bisporus Cultivation

机译：双孢蘑菇栽培浇水新概念和系统的发展

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摘要

The casing soil serves as the water reservoir, for mycelium growth and fruit body development, during Agaricus bisporus cultivation. Fruit body development is accompanied with water content decrease in the casing soil and the compost. Therefore water is added to the casing by spraying systems, during the crop cycle. The main limitations of this technique is the fact that during fruit body " pin head" development, watering is stopped in order to avoid damage to the pins. Watering onto the developing fruit body enhances the occurrence of diseases, mainly bacterial blotch. At this time, casing and compost water content decreases to below optimal levels. In the present study,drip irrigation was developed,to replace water spraying. The drip irrigation enhanced water efficiency (the ratio between the amount of applied water to the amount absorbed by the casing and compost) by 20%. It was demonstrated that with drip irrigation, the thickness of the casing layer could ,be reduced. Decreasing casing soil thickness by 40% did not harm mushroom yield or quality. The use of drip irrigation enabled the addition of water to the casing soil during the entire cropping cycle and minimized the decrease in casing and compost moisture. By the use of drip irrigation the increase in relative humidity (RH) in the growing rooms after water application was minimized,thereby decreasing the energy needs for drying the room again. The ability to add water to the casing without wetting the mushrooms,decreased the incidence of bacterial blotch and enhanced quality. Enhanced mushroom quality,due to the use of drip instead of spray irrigation,was demonstrated mainly in the second and third flushes. It is estimated that with the use of drip irrigation,the value of reduced costs of casing and energy, plus increased income due to better mushroom quality, will be much higher than the cost of the additional equipment.
机译：双孢蘑菇栽培过程中，肠衣土壤用作菌丝体生长和子实体发育的水库。子实体的发育伴随着套管土壤和堆肥中水含量的降低。因此，在作物生长周期中，通过喷雾系统将水添加到机壳中。该技术的主要局限性在于，在子实体“大头针”发育期间，要停止浇水，以免损坏大头针。给发育中的子实体浇水会增加疾病的发生，主要是细菌斑点。此时，肠衣和堆肥中的水含量降低至最佳水平以下。在本研究中，开发了滴灌来代替喷水。滴灌使水效率（施水量与肠衣吸收量和堆肥之间的比率）提高了20％。结果表明，通过滴灌，可以减小套管层的厚度。将肠衣土壤厚度减少40％不会损害蘑菇的产量或质量。滴灌的使用可以在整个种植周期中向套管土壤中添加水，并最大程度减少套管和堆肥水分的减少。通过使用滴灌，使浇水后生长室内的相对湿度（RH）的增加最小，从而减少了再次干燥房间的能源需求。能够在不弄湿蘑菇的情况下向肠衣中加水，从而减少了细菌斑点的发生并提高了质量。由于在第二次和第三次冲洗中使用滴灌代替了喷灌，从而提高了蘑菇的品质。据估计，通过使用滴灌，减少套管和能源成本的价值，以及由于更好的蘑菇质量而增加的收入的价值，将远远高于附加设备的成本。

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