声明
论文说明
摘要
ABSTRACT
Table of Content
Chapter 1 Review of literatu re
1．1 Introduction
1．2 The C3 and C4 pathways of photosynthetic carbon assimilation
1．3 Physiology associated with C4 metabolism
1．4 Functions of C4 Pathway Enzymes in C3 Plants
1．4．1 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase(PEPC)
1．4．2 Carbonic Anhydrase(CA)
1．4．4 Malate Dehydrogenase(MDH)
1．4．5 Pyruvate，Orthophosphate Dikinase(PPDK)
1．5 Engineering of C4 photosynthesis into C3 crops
1．6 Setaria as a model plants for C4 photosynthesis
1．7 Challenges of placing C4 photosynthesis into C3 leaves and future prospects
1．8 Research objectives and outline of the experimental design
1．8．1 Research objectives
1．8．2 Flow chart of research process
Chapter 2 Identification of the homologues of C4 photosynthetic pathway genes in bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L．)
2．1 Introduction
2．2 Materials and methods
2．2．1 Wheat materials
2．2．2 Identification of homologous copies of the key genes involved in C4 pathway
2．2．3 Cloning and sequence analysis
2．3 Results
2．3．1 Characterization of the C4 pathway related genes in bread wheat
2．3．2 Phylogenetic analysis
2．4 Discussion
Chapter 3 Expression patterns and enzymatic activities of the C4 pathway genes in bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L．)under field conditions
3．1 Introduction
3．2 Materials and methods
3．2．1 Plant materials and growth conditions
3．2．2 RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis
3．2．3 Expression analysis of the genes encoding the C4 photosynthetic enzymes
3．2．4 Assays for the activities of C4 enzymes
3．2．5 Phenotypic evaluation
3．2．6 Statistical analysis
3．3 Results
3．3．1 Expression patterns of C4-like genes in flag leaves of bread wheat
3．3．2 Clustering of the wheat genotypes on the expression levels of C4-like genes
3．3．3 Activities of the C4 pathway enzymes in flag leaves of bread wheat
3．3．4 Correlation between C4 enzyme activities and gene expressions
3．3．5 Expression of C4-like genes and Photosynthesis，BMPP and GYPP
3．3．6 Correlation between C4 enzyme activities with BMPP and GYPP
3．4 Discussion
3．5 Conclusion
Chapter 4 Optimal reference genes and expression of C4 photosynthetic genes in foxtail millet(Setaria italica L．)
4．1 Introduction
4．2 Materials and methods
4．2．2 Sequence identification and primer design
4．2．3 RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis
4．2．5 Stability analysis of gene expression for selecting reference genes
4．2．6 Analysis on the promoter sequences of C4 genes in foxtail millet and wheat
4．3 Results
4．3．1 Expressions of candidate reference genes
4．3．2 Expression patterns of the C4 pathway genes in different organs of foxtail millet
4．3．3 In silico analysis on the promoters of C4 genes in foxtail millet and bread wheat
4．4 Discussion
4．5 Conclusion
Chapter 5 General conclusions and recommendations
5．1 Characterization and expression patterns of the C4 photosynthetic pathway genes in bread wheat
5．2 Activities of the C4 photosynthetic pathway enzymes in Bread Wheat
5．3 Optimal reference genes and expression of C4 photosynthetic genes in foxtail millet
References
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CURRICULUM VITAE
