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Brain drain and brain gain: Educational segregation in the United States.

机译：人才流失和脑力增长：美国的教育隔离。

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摘要

The post-industrialization of the American economy, combined with the expansion of American higher education, has created a new form of residential segregation. This dissertation demonstrates that the United States became increasingly segregated by educational attainment during the second half of the Twentieth Century, even as racial and economic segregation declined. In this period, college graduates became increasingly clustered in a handful of communities; and within these human capital hubs, the highly educated became less likely to live in the same neighborhoods as the less highly educated.; Today, more than half of America's college graduates live in just 10% of its counties. At the other end of the educational spectrum, college graduates are underrepresented relative to the national average in more than 85% of American counties. My analyses demonstrate that selective patterns of internal migration are driving the educational polarization of the American landscape. A combination of economic incentives and natural and cultural amenities lure large numbers of college graduates into communities where the concentration of college graduates is already pronounced.; The consequences of educational segregation are wide-ranging. The spatial concentration of college graduates stimulates innovation and local economic growth, creating new economic inequalities between places. In many of the nation's nonmetropolitan areas, the outmigration of highly educated youths is leading to an overall population decline. Human capital concentration has spill-over effects for children's education, bringing educational opportunities to children who grow up in human capital hubs (regardless of their own parents' educations), and limiting opportunities to children raised in brain drain areas. Finally, I demonstrate that educational segregation is a major factor behind the geographic polarization of American political culture. As educational segregation levels have risen, the county-level concentration of college graduates has become an increasingly salient predictor of voting patterns. The result is the distinct red and blue map of the 2004 presidential election: George W. Bush and John F. Kerry split the college graduate vote evenly in 2004, but Kerry won healthy majorities in human capital hubs and Bush's electoral base centered in brain drain counties.
机译：美国经济的后工业化，再加上美国高等教育的扩展，创造了一种新的居住隔离形式。这篇论文表明，在二十世纪下半叶，即使种族和经济隔离有所减少，美国也越来越受到教育程度的隔离。在此期间，大学毕业生越来越聚集在少数社区中。在这些人力资本中心内，受过高等教育的人与受过高等教育的人生活在同一社区的可能性越来越小。如今，美国一半以上的大学毕业生生活在美国10％的县里。在教育领域的另一端，相对于全国平均水平，美国超过85％的县的大学毕业生人数不足。我的分析表明，内部迁移的选择性模式正在推动美国格局的教育分化。经济激励措施和自然文化设施相结合，吸引了大量的大学毕业生进入已经集中了大学毕业生的社区。教育隔离的后果是广泛的。大学毕业生的空间集中度刺激了创新和当地经济增长，在地方之间造成了新的经济不平等。在该国许多非都市地区，受过高等教育的年轻人的外流导致总体人口下降。人力资本集中会对儿童的教育产生溢出效应，给在人力资本中心成长的儿童提供教育机会（无论其父母的教育如何），并限制在人才外流地区成长的儿童的机会。最后，我证明了教育隔离是美国政治文化地理两极分化背后的主要因素。随着教育隔离水平的提高，县级大学毕业生的集中度已成为投票模式日益重要的预测指标。结果是2004年总统大选的红色和蓝色地图：乔治·W·布什和约翰·F·克里在2004年平均分配了大学毕业生的选票，但克里在人力资本中心赢得了健康多数席位，而布什的选举基础则以人才流失为中心县。

著录项

  • 作者

    Domina, Thurston.;

  • 作者单位

    City University of New York.;

  • 授予单位 City University of New York.;
  • 学科 Sociology General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 249 p.
  • 总页数 249
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 社会学;
  • 关键词

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