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首页> 外文学位 >Psychological distress in adolescents: A longitudinal study of chronic and interpersonal stressors, life events and social support.
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Psychological distress in adolescents: A longitudinal study of chronic and interpersonal stressors, life events and social support.

机译：青少年的心理困扰：长期和人际压力源，生活事件和社会支持的纵向研究。

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The purpose of this study was to examine the role of different types of stressors and potential moderators in the adolescent stress process. The study population consisted of 705 adolescents and their mothers who participated in a longitudinal epidemiological study of the Woodlawn community in 1966 and again ten years later.; The major independent variables were chronic stressors (poverty status, mother's mental health, family structure), life events, interpersonal stressors with teachers, parents, friends, friends of the opposite sex and social support resources (family satisfaction, family involvement, confiding in adults in family, peer involvement).; The major dependent variables of this study were symptoms of anxiety, depression and anger. These were self reports from the adolescents.; The results of this study indicate that gender is of importance in identifying which stressors and resources are predictive of anxiety, depression and anger and that the predictors also vary depending upon the specific outcome. Furthermore, it lends support to the present thinking that the life stress process is complex and consists not only of the experience of life events but also includes the experience of varying types of stressors and resources which can be viewed from a developmental perspective.; The study indicates the importance of early childhood factors as risk factors for psychological distress in adolescence. For males, the antecedent factors of importance were early childhood family stressors of growing up in poverty with a mother experiencing some psychological distress. Females identified on the maladapting scale in first grade by teachers were more vulnerable to the experience of adolescent life events later in life which resulted in an increased risk of anxiety.; Multivariate models generated for psychological symptoms illustrate the combined importance of specific life event domains, chronic stressors, interpersonal stressors and social resources in predicting outcomes. These variables contributed additively to the relationships. The study found little support for the importance of cumulative life events in predicting psychological distress but interpersonal stressors were important independent contributors in all of the models. A controversial finding was that of the differing effects of family structure and poverty for males and females. For males, family structure in early childhood and poverty were risk factors while growing up in mother alone families for females seemed to have had a protective effect for the future development of psychological distress. Based on the findings, some recommendations for research and practice are made.
机译：这项研究的目的是检查在青少年压力过程中不同类型的压力源和潜在的调节因素的作用。研究人群由705名青少年及其母亲组成，他们分别于1966年和10年后参加了伍德劳恩社区的纵向流行病学研究。主要的独立变量是慢性压力源（贫困状况，母亲的心理健康，家庭结构），生活事件，与老师，父母，朋友，异性朋友的人际关系压力源和社会支持资源（家庭满意度，家庭参与度，对成年人的信任度）在家庭中，同伴参与）。这项研究的主要因变量是焦虑，抑郁和愤怒症状。这些是青少年的自我报告。这项研究的结果表明，性别对于确定哪些压力和资源可以预测焦虑，抑郁和愤怒具有重要意义，并且这些预测因素还取决于具体结果。此外，它支持当前的思想，即生活压力过程是复杂的，不仅包括生活事件的经历，而且包括各种压力源和资源的经验，可以从发展的角度来看。该研究表明，早期儿童因素是青春期心理困扰的危险因素。对于男性而言，重要的前因是在贫困中成长的幼儿家庭压力源，而母亲则遭受一些心理困扰。老师在一年级的适应不良量表上确定的女性更容易遭受青春期生活事件的体验，这会增加患焦虑症的风险。针对心理症状生成的多元模型说明了特定生活事件领域，慢性压力源，人际压力源和社会资源在预测结果中的综合重要性。这些变量加深了关系。研究发现很少有人支持累积生活事件对预测心理困扰的重要性，但人际压力源是所有模型中的重要独立贡献者。一个有争议的发现是家庭结构和贫穷对男女的不同影响。对于男性而言，幼儿时期的家庭结构和贫困是危险因素，而仅母亲的家庭中的女性成长似乎对心理困扰的未来发展具有保护作用。基于这些发现，提出了一些研究和实践建议。

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