Objectives To evaluate the effects of traffic safety education program performed in 2010 for young pedestrians and provide reference for planning traffic injury prevention in children.Methods Following the Implementation Plan of Traffic Safety Education for Children in four cities of Guangdong Province in 2009-2010”, 8 600 students of grades 4 and 5 in 10 schools from each city were recruited using stratified cluster sampling method. Participants were asked to complete the self-administered questionnaire before and after the safety education, which includes knowledge about pedestrian safety, safety regulations, risk behaviors on the road and injures happened.Results After safety education, all participants showed significant improvement (P<0.05) in the safety knowledge of all traffic rules, except for zebra crossing recognition. They displayed few in the injury-prone risk behaviors, including chasing on the road, crossing road when red light on, crossing the road via guard rails, decreased after intervention, with a significant decrease in crossing road while red light on in boys and 4th graders(P<0.01). Students experienced few collisions with motor vehicles, of which the decrease was statistically significant (P<0.05) in girls and 5th graders.Conclusion The short-term effects of the traffic safety education on young pedestrians are obvious, while a long-term mechanism should be established to sharpen safety education and consolidate the effect of intervention.%目的评价儿童步行安全教育干预的效果，为儿童道路交通伤害干预提供参考。方法按照《2009─2010年度广东省四城市儿童安全教育干预项目实施方案》的要求，抽取4个城市作为项目市，采用分层整群抽样方法，每市选择10所学校四、五年级在校学生共8600人为目标人群；在实施儿童步行安全教育干预前后，分别采用自填式问卷对其步行安全知识、安全行为及道路危险行为等进行调查。结果干预后，交通安全知识知晓率除斑马线标志外均较干预前上升，差异普遍有统计学意义(P<0.05)在马路上追逐玩闹、红灯时穿越马路、跨越马路中间护栏过马路等三种道路危险行为发生率比干预前下降，其中男生和四年级学生红灯时穿越马路行为发生率的下降较为明显，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)；学生与车辆碰撞发生率比干预前略有下降，其中女生和五年级学生与机动车碰撞发生率下降较为明显，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论健康教育干预对提高儿童步行安全有一定的短期效果，今后应建立相应的长效机制继续加大教育力度，巩固干预效果。
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