Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistence of the bacteria causing hospital infec-tions in Orthopedics department ,Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital ,and provide evidence for clinical rational use of antibiotics .Methods n 2012 ,outpatient and inpatient isolated 337 strains of pathogenic bacteria were analyzed retrospectively .Results The pathogenic bacteria including Gram-positive cocci 122 ,accounting for 36 .20% ,Gram-negative bacteria 180 ,accounting for 53 .41% ,fungi 35 ,accounting for 10 .39% .Staphylococcus aureus (79 .51% ) were the most common pathogen in Gram-positive cocci ;Gram-negative bacteria were mainly consist of Escherichia coli (31 .67% ) ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26 .67% );Fungi were mainly consist of candida albicans .Conclusion Due to long-term heavy use of antibiotics ,resulting in changing antibiotics resistance ,and antimicrobial susceptibility test and bacterial cultures should be taken before using antibacterial agents .The rational use of antibacterial agents can slow down the resistance of pathogenic bacteria ,reducing the incidence of infection .%目的了解本院感染病原菌分布和耐药情况，为临床合理用药提供依据。方法对2012年本院的门诊和住院患者标本分离的337株病原菌结果进行回顾性分析。结果革兰阳性球菌122株，占36．20％；革兰阴性杆菌180株，占53．41％；真菌35株，占10．39％。革兰阳性球菌中最常见的致病菌是金黄色葡萄球菌（79．51％）；革兰阴性杆菌主要以大肠埃希菌（31．67％）、铜绿假单胞菌（26．67％）为主；真菌主要以白色念珠菌为主。结论由于长期大量使用抗菌药物，致使致病菌耐药性不断变化，临床应在使用抗菌药物前进行细菌培养，结合药敏试验，合理使用抗菌药物，减缓病原菌耐药性的产生，降低感染发生率。
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