近10年来以高通量为特征的第二代测序技术迅猛发展,并被广泛应用到医学,生命科学及农业等领域.新一代测序技术具有成本低、效率高等特点,使得许多非模式生物的基因组和转录组从头测序成为可能.苎麻作为我国传统的天然纤维作物,其种植面积和产量占全世界的90％以上.解析其性状的形成发育机制对于苎麻的分子改良非常重要.近几年来,为了阐明苎麻性状的生物学机制,国内外多个团队以转录组研究为切入点,通过高通量测序技术对苎麻生物学研究开展了大量的研究.本文从高通量测序技术、苎麻转录组研究进展、苎麻重要性状基因识别、苎麻进化驯化机制研究及分子标记的开发利用等几个方面进行了综述,将为挖掘苎麻重要性状基因提供理论基础、为苎麻分子标记辅助选择提供了大量的可靠标记,高通量测序已经推动苎麻性状生物学研究的快速发展,也将为苎麻的分子育种研究奠定基础.%In the past ten years,the high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology appeared and developed rapidly,and it was widely applied in medicine,life sciences,agriculture and so on.The NGS technology shows several advantages than traditional Sanger sequence,such as low -cost and high efficiency,which made the de novo assembly of genome and transcricptome become feasible in non-model species.Ramie is an important natural fiber crop in China,and both its fiber yield and plant acreage in China accounted for 90％ of the global yield and acreage.It is of crucial importance to analyze its formation mechanism of traits for molecular improvement.In recent years,domestic and international scientists carried a great deal of studies for the ramie biology based on the transcriptome analysis by high-throughput NGS technology in order to understand the biological mechanism of traits.In conclusion,the NGS technology has not only greatly promoted the development of trait biology,but also provided a basis for molecular breeding in ramie.
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