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AnimalFeces Contribute to Domestic Fecal Contamination:Evidence from E. coli Measured in Water Hands FoodFlies and Soil in Bangladesh

机译:动物粪便造成家庭粪便污染:在水手食物孟加拉国的苍蝇和土壤

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摘要

Fecal-oral pathogens are transmitted through complex, environmentally mediated pathways. Sanitation interventions that isolate human feces from the environment may reduce transmission but have shown limited impact on environmental contamination. We conducted a study in rural Bangladesh to (1) quantify domestic fecal contamination in settings with high on-site sanitation coverage; (2) determine how domestic animals affect fecal contamination; and (3) assess how each environmental pathway affects others. We collected water, hand rinse, food, soil, and fly samples from 608 households. We analyzed samples with IDEXX Quantitray for the most probable number (MPN) of E. coli. We detected E. coli in source water (25%), stored water (77%), child hands (43%), food (58%), flies (50%), ponds (97%), and soil (95%). Soil had >120 000 mean MPN E. coli per gram. In compounds with vs without animals, E. coli was higher by 0.54 log10 in soil, 0.40 log10 in stored water and 0.61 log10 in food (p < 0.05). E. coli in stored water and food increased with increasing E. coli in soil, ponds, source water and hands. We provide empirical evidence of fecal transmission in the domestic environment despite on-site sanitation. Animal feces contribute to fecal contamination, and fecal indicator bacteria donot strictly indicate human fecal contamination when animals are present.
机译:粪便病原体通过复杂的,环境介导的途径传播。将人类粪便与环境隔离的卫生干预措施可以减少传播,但对环境污染的影响有限。我们在孟加拉国农村进行了一项研究,以(1)对现场卫生覆盖率较高的环境中的家庭粪便污染进行量化; (2)确定家畜如何影响粪便污染; (3)评估每种环境途径如何影响其他途径。我们收集了608户家庭的水,洗手液,食物,土壤和果蝇样品。我们使用IDEXX Quantitray分析了样本中最可能的大肠杆菌(MPN)。我们在原水(25%),储水(77%),童手(43%),食物(58%),苍蝇(50%),池塘(97%)和土壤(95%)中检测到了大肠杆菌)。土壤每克的平均MPN大肠杆菌> 120> 000。在有或没有动物的复合物中,大肠杆菌在土壤中的含量分别高0.54 log10,在储存水中的0.410 log10和在食品中的0.61 log10(p <0.05)。储存的水和食物中的大肠杆菌随着土壤,池塘,水源和手中大肠杆菌的增加而增加。尽管提供了现场卫生设施,我们仍提供了粪便在家庭环境中传播的经验证据。动物粪便会造成粪便污染,而粪便指示菌会当存在动物时,不能严格指示人类粪便污染。

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