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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Genetics Research International >Homologue Pairing in Flies and Mammals: Gene Regulation When Two Are Involved
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Homologue Pairing in Flies and Mammals: Gene Regulation When Two Are Involved

机译：蝇和哺乳动物中的同系物配对：涉及两个时的基因调控

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Chromosome pairing is usually discussed in the context of meiosis. Association of homologues in germ cells enables chromosome segregation and is necessary for fertility. A few organisms, such as flies, also pair their entire genomes in somatic cells. Most others, including mammals, display little homologue pairing outside of the germline. Experimental evidence from both flies and mammals suggests that communication between homologues contributes to normal genome regulation. This paper will contrast the role of pairing in transmitting information between homologues in flies and mammals. In mammals, somatic homologue pairing is tightly regulated, occurring at specific loci and in a developmentally regulated fashion. Inappropriate pairing, or loss of normal pairing, is associated with gene misregulation in some disease states. While homologue pairing in flies is capable of influencing gene expression, the significance of this for normal expression remains unknown. The sex chromosomes pose a particularly interesting situation, as females are able to pair X chromosomes, but males cannot. The contribution of homologue pairing to the biology of the X chromosome will also be discussed.
机译：通常在减数分裂的背景下讨论染色体配对。生殖细胞中的同源物的结合使染色体分离，并且对于生育是必需的。一些生物，例如果蝇，也会在体细胞中配对整个基因组。包括哺乳动物在内的大多数其他动物在种系之外几乎没有同源配对。来自果蝇和哺乳动物的实验证据表明，同源物之间的交流有助于正常的基因组调控。本文将对比配对在果蝇和哺乳动物同系物之间传递信息的作用。在哺乳动物中，体细胞同源物配对受到严格调节，发生在特定位点并以发育调节的方式发生。在某些疾病状态下，不合适的配对或失去正常配对与基因失调有关。尽管果蝇中的同源物配对能够影响基因表达，但其对于正常表达的重要性仍然未知。性染色体构成了一种特别有趣的情况，因为雌性能够配对X染色体，而雄性则不能。同源配对对X染色体生物学的贡献也将被讨论。

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