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Zika virus induces massive cytoplasmic vacuolization and paraptosis‐like death in infected cells

机译:寨卡病毒在受感染的细胞中诱导大量胞质空泡化和类似截瘫的死亡

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摘要

The cytopathic effects of Zika virus (ZIKV) are poorly characterized. Innate immunity controls ZIKV infection and disease in most infected patients through mechanisms that remain to be understood. Here, we studied the morphological cellular changes induced by ZIKV and addressed the role of interferon‐induced transmembrane proteins (IFITM), a family of broad‐spectrum antiviral factors, during viral replication. We report that ZIKV induces massive vacuolization followed by “implosive” cell death in human epithelial cells, primary skin fibroblasts and astrocytes, a phenomenon which is exacerbated when IFITM3 levels are low. It is reminiscent of paraptosis, a caspase‐independent, non‐apoptotic form of cell death associated with the formation of large cytoplasmic vacuoles. We further show that ZIKV‐induced vacuoles are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and dependent on the PI3K/Akt signaling axis. Inhibiting the Sec61 ER translocon in ZIKV‐infected cells blocked vacuole formation and viral production. Our results provide mechanistic insight behind the ZIKV‐induced cytopathic effect and indicate that IFITM3, by acting as a gatekeeper for incoming virus, restricts virus takeover of the ER and subsequent cell death.
机译:寨卡病毒(ZIKV)的细胞病变作用尚不明确。先天性免疫通过尚待了解的机制控制大多数感染患者的ZIKV感染和疾病。在这里,我们研究了ZIKV诱导的形态学细胞变化,并探讨了在病毒复制过程中干扰素诱导的跨膜蛋白(IFITM)这一广谱抗病毒因子家族的作用。我们报道ZIKV诱导大量空泡,然后在人上皮细胞,原代皮肤成纤维细胞和星形胶质细胞中“内爆”性细胞死亡,当IFITM3水平低时,这种现象会加剧。它使人联想起截瘫,这是一种与胱天蛋白酶无关的,非凋亡的细胞死亡形式,与大细胞质液泡的形成有关。我们进一步证明ZIKV诱导的液泡来源于内质网(ER),并依赖于PI3K / Akt信号轴。在ZIKV感染的细胞中抑制Sec61 ER translocon可阻止液泡形成和病毒产生。我们的结果为ZIKV诱导的细胞病变作用提供了机理上的见解,并表明IFITM3通过充当传入病毒的看门人,限制了病毒对ER的吸收以及随后的细胞死亡。

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