Pertinent evolutionary studies are based on a correct use of homology terms such as paralogues, metalogues and orthologues. Such crucial concepts have been applied tointragenomic and intergenomic analyses. A further requisite is a proper definition ofwhat is a structural segment of homology. Such segments are called modules to reflectthat they play a role in the mechanism of combinational construction of a gene fromready-made basic components. Since identifying a module is operationally equivalentto determining the ancestor to this gene segment, it becomes possible to track backprotein history and genome evolution. Such studies underline the importance of twofundamental processes, gene duplication and gene fusion. Moreover, grouping theclosest orthologues in families is a pertinent way to reconstruct a genomic tree for allavailable prokaryotes.
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