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Regenerative medicine for bone diseases using mesenchymal stem cells

机译：使用间充质干细胞的骨病再生医学

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Since the monumental publication in 1998 by Pittenger et al., mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been a center player of regenerative medicine and now a number of clinical trials using MSCs have been conducted in various fields of tissue regeneration including those of bone. It cannot be denied that due to enthusiastic clinical demanding, clinical application of MSCs has launched with little knowledge concerning the nature of native MSCs. Recent advances, however, have gradually revealed enigmatic biological properties of MSCs, which subsequently requires the reconsideration of minimum criteria of this type of stem cells. Plastic adherence was no more an absolute requirement of MSCs, and there seemed to be CD34+ MSCs. In addition, in vitro multidirectional property does not guarantee such property in vivo . As a more fundamental issue, cell-of-origin of MSC may be not single, and there seemed to be at least ectodermal (neural crest) MSCs and mesoderm (perivascular) MSCs. Accumulation of preclinical and clinical data has also revealed the role of MSCs in bone regeneration. Against to the initial expectation, the role of MSCs as cell sources to participate bone regeneration seemed to be less significant than those as producer of materials to induce bone regeneration by host cells. The later role may open a new venue of regenerative medicine, which may be called cell-free cell therapy. Understanding of these important features and function of MSC will greatly improve the value of MSCs and promote the proper application of these cells in bone repair and regeneration.
机译：自从Pittenger等人于1998年发表具有里程碑意义的论文以来，间充质干细胞（MSC）一直是再生医学的中心力量，如今，在许多组织再生领域（包括骨骼）中，使用MSC进行了许多临床试验。不可否认的是，由于对临床MSC的热情需求，MSC的临床应用已经启动，而对天然MSC的本质知之甚少。但是，最近的进展逐渐揭示了MSC的神秘生物学特性，随后需要重新考虑此类干细胞的最低标准。塑料粘附不再是MSC的绝对要求，而似乎有CD34 + MSC。另外，体外多向特性不能保证体内的这种特性。作为一个更基本的问题，MSC的起源细胞可能不是单一的，并且似乎至少存在外胚层（神经））MSC和中胚层（血管周围）MSC。临床前和临床数据的积累也揭示了MSC在骨骼再生中的作用。与最初的预期相反，MSC作为参与骨再生的细胞来源的作用似乎不如作为宿主细胞诱导骨再生的物质生产者的作用重要。后来的角色可能会开辟再生医学的新领域，这可能被称为无细胞细胞疗法。了解MSC的这些重要特征和功能将大大提高MSC的价值，并促进这些细胞在骨修复和再生中的正确应用。

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