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Macro‐ and microelements in pumpkin seed oils: Effect of processing, crop season, and country of origin

机译：南瓜籽油中的宏观和微量元素：加工，作物季节和原产国的影响

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Macro‐ and microelements in the samples of virgin and cold pressed pumpkin seed oils produced in Croatia through two consecutive crop seasons were determined by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES). Croatian oils were also compared to oils from Slovenia and Austria in order to assess differences in the element content. Magnesium, potassium, calcium, sodium, selenium, and iron were the dominant elements in all pumpkin seed oils. Their amounts together with barium, strontium, manganese, copper were up to ninefold higher ( p ?≤?0.05) in virgin compared to cold pressed pumpkin seed oils. These differences occur due to the different processing conditions which include salt addition, heat treatment, and higher degree of equipment ware out during virgin pumpkin seed oil production. As the sodium level increases with the addition of salt, virgin pumpkin seed oil could be considered its hidden source and producers should pay attention to the amount added. Contents of cobalt, copper, selenium, and thallium significantly differed ( p ?≤?0.05) between the two crop seasons. Principal component analysis revealed clear differences between samples with different origin that can be explained by the specifics in the production processes of each country. In comparison with Austrian and Slovenian, Croatian pumpkin seed oils had significantly lower contents of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and tin while bismuth and selenium were higher.
机译：通过电感耦合等离子体-光发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定了克罗地亚在连续两个种植季节中所生产的原始和冷榨南瓜籽油样品中的微量元素和微量元素。为了评估元素含量的差异，还将克罗地亚的油与斯洛文尼亚和奥地利的油进行了比较。镁，钾，钙，钠，硒和铁是所有南瓜籽油中的主要元素。其含量与钡，锶，锰，铜的含量相比，冷榨南瓜籽油高出九倍（p≤≤0.05）。这些差异是由于不同的加工条件而产生的，这些条件包括添加盐，进行热处理以及在原始南瓜籽油生产过程中提高了设备​​的加工度。由于钠含量随盐的添加而增加，因此原始南瓜籽油可能被认为是其隐藏的来源，生产商应注意其添加量。在两个作物季节之间，钴，铜，硒和th的含量差异显着（p≤≤0.05）。主成分分析表明，不同来源的样品之间存在明显差异，这可以用每个国家生产过程中的细节来解释。与奥地利和斯洛文尼亚相比，克罗地亚南瓜籽油的钠，钾，钙，镁和锡的含量明显较低，而铋和硒的含量较高。

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