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首页> 外文期刊>DNA and Cell Biology >Location, Location, Location! Monotremes Provide Unique Insights into the Evolution of Sex Chromosome Silencing in Mammals
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Location, Location, Location! Monotremes Provide Unique Insights into the Evolution of Sex Chromosome Silencing in Mammals

机译：位置，位置，位置！ Monotremes提供了对哺乳动物性染色体沉默进化的独特见解

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摘要

Platypus and echidnas are the only living representative of the egg-laying mammals that diverged 166 million years ago from the mammalian lineage. Despite occupying a key spot in mammalian phylogeny, research on monotremes has been limited by access to material and lack of molecular genetic resources. This has changed recently, and the sequencing of the platypus genome has promoted monotremes into a generally accessible tool in comparative genomics. The most extraordinary aspect of the monotreme genome is an amazingly complex sex chromosomes system that shares extensive homology with bird sex chromosomes and no homology with sex chromosomes of other mammals. This raises important questions about dosage compensation of the five pairs of sex chromosomes in females and meiotic silencing in males, and we are only beginning to unravel possible mechanisms and pathways that may be involved. The homology between monotreme and bird sex chromosomes makes comparison between those species worthwhile, also as they provide a well-defined example where the same sex chromosomes changed from female heterogamety (chicken) to male heterogamety (monotremes). We summarize recent research on monotreme and chicken sex chromosomes and discuss possible mechanisms that may contribute to sex chromosome silencing in monotremes.
机译：鸭嘴兽和棘足动物是产卵哺乳动物的唯一活生生的代表，它们在1.66亿年前与哺乳动物血统不同。尽管在哺乳动物系统发育中占据着关键地位，但是由于材料的获取和分子遗传资源的缺乏，对单峰的研究受到了限制。近来这已改变，鸭嘴兽基因组的测序已将单峰提升为比较基因组学中普遍可使用的工具。单峰基因组最不寻常的方面是一个惊人的复杂性染色体系统，该系统与鸟类性染色体具有广泛的同源性，而与其他哺乳动物的性染色体则没有同源性。这就提出了关于女性的五对性染色体的剂量补偿和男性的减数分裂沉默的重要问题，而我们才刚刚开始揭示可能涉及的机制和途径。 Monotreme和鸟类性染色体之间的同源性使这两个物种之间的比较值得，因为它们提供了一个明确的例子，其中相同的性染色体从雌性异配子（鸡）变为雄性异配子（单体）。我们总结了关于单端和鸡性染色体的最新研究，并讨论了可能导致单端性染色体沉默的可能机制。

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