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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Environmental Management >Quantitative simulation tools to analyze up- and downstream interactions of soil and water conservation measures: Supporting policy making in the Green Water Credits program of Kenya
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Quantitative simulation tools to analyze up- and downstream interactions of soil and water conservation measures: Supporting policy making in the Green Water Credits program of Kenya

机译：定量模拟工具，用于分析水土保持措施的上下游相互作用：支持肯尼亚“绿色水信贷”计划中的政策制定

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摘要

Upstream soil and water conservation measures in catchments can have positive impact both upstream in terms of less erosion and higher crop yields, but also downstream by less sediment flow into reservoirs and increased groundwater recharge. Green Water Credits (GWC) schemes are being developed to encourage upstream farmers to invest in soil and water conservation practices which will positively effect upstream and downstream water availability. Quantitative information on water and sediment fluxes is crucial as a basis for such financial schemes. A pilot design project in the large and strategically important Upper-Tana Basin in Kenya has the objective to develop a methodological framework for this purpose. The essence of the methodology is the integration and use of a collection of public domain tools and datasets: the so-called Green water and Blue water Assessment Toolkit (GBAT). This toolkit was applied in order to study different options to implement GWC in agricultural rainfed land for the pilot study. Impact of vegetative contour strips, mulching, and tied ridges were determined for: (i) three upstream key indicators: soil loss, crop transpiration and soil evaporation, and (ii) two downstream indicators: sediment inflow in reservoirs and groundwater recharge. All effects were compared with a baseline scenario of average conditions. Thus, not only actual land management was considered but also potential benefits of changed land use practices. Results of the simulations indicate that especially applying contour strips or tied ridges significantly reduces soil losses and increases groundwater recharge in the catchment. The model was used to build spatial expressions of the proposed management practices in order to assess their effectiveness. The developed procedure allows exploring the effects of soil conservation measures in a catchment to support the implementation of GWC.
机译：流域上游的水土保持措施既可以在上游减少侵蚀和增加农作物产量方面产生积极影响，又可以通过减少沉积物流入水库和增加地下水补给而对下游产生积极影响。正在制定绿色水信用（GWC）计划，以鼓励上游农民投资于水土保持措施，这将对上游和下游的水供应产生积极影响。有关水和泥沙通量的定量信息对于此类财务计划至关重要。在肯尼亚上塔纳盆地中具有战略意义的大型试点设计项目，目的是为此目的开发一种方法框架。该方法的本质是集成和使用一系列公共领域的工具和数据集：所谓的“绿水与蓝水评估工具包”（GBAT）。应用该工具包的目的是研究在农业雨养土地上实施GWC的不同选择，以进行试点研究。确定了植被等高带，覆盖和绑扎山脊的影响：（i）三个上游关键指标：土壤流失，作物蒸腾和土壤蒸发，以及（ii）两个下游指标：水库中的泥沙流入和地下水补给。将所有影响与平均状况的基准情景进行了比较。因此，不仅考虑了实际的土地管理，而且考虑了改变土地使用方式的潜在收益。模拟结果表明，特别是施加等高线或绑扎的山脊可显着减少土壤流失并增加集水区的地下水补给量。该模型用于构建提议的管理实践的空间表达，以评估其有效性。制定的程序可以探索流域水土保持措施的效果，以支持GWC的实施。

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