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Method for Parking-Orbit Reorientation for Human Missions to Mars

机译:人类向火星飞行任务的泊车轨道重新定向方法

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Mars human-mission scenarios can incorporate a parking orbit at either Earth or Mars. In many cases the parking orbit is not conveniently oriented with respect to the interplanetary leg (e.g., returning to Earth from a parking orbit at Mars). A method to reorient the spacecraft's orbit around a planet for a roundtrip mission is described. This method includes a maneuver at apoapsis that rotates the parking orbit about the line of apsides to achieve the proper orientation at departure, thus coupling the effects of parking-orbit orientation with the interplanetary trajectories. We also account for the natural precession of the parking orbit during the stay time. The maneuver is most efficient for long period, eccentric orbits but can be used for any parking-orbit period or eccentricity. Moreover, this method often allows a significant range of orbital inclinations and can be modified to allow any desired inclination. The most significant drawback is the need to change the inclination at some point during the stay time. The reorientation maneuver can be applied to any set of arrival and departure interplanetary trajectories. We find that reorienting the parking orbit before departure can significantly reduce the total ΔV for many proposed missions.
机译:火星的人类任务场景可以在地球或火星上合并一个停车轨道。在许多情况下,停车轨道相对于行星际支路的定位不方便(例如,从火星的停车轨道返回地球)。描述了一种用于使航天器绕行星轨道重新定向以进行往返飞行任务的方法。该方法包括在顶点处进行的回旋,该回旋使驻车轨道绕着同心线旋转,以在离开时实现正确的方向,从而将驻车轨道方向的影响与行星际轨道耦合在一起。我们还考虑了停留期间停车轨道的自然进动。该机动对于长周期,偏心轨道是最有效的,但可用于任何停车轨道周期或偏心率。而且,该方法通常允许很大范围的轨道倾斜并且可以被修改以允许任何期望的倾斜。最大的缺点是需要在停留时间的某个时间点改变倾斜度。重新定向机动可以应用于任何一组到达和离开行星际轨迹。我们发现,在许多拟议任务中,在出发前重新调整停车轨道可以大大降低总ΔV。

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