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Scour failure of bridges

机译：冲刷桥梁

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摘要

In recent years there have been several bridge collapses in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland that have been caused by scour. Towns in the north west of England have been cut off and loss of life occurred. Major railway lines have been closed for extended periods. Although scour is basically the removal of bed material due to flowing water, it has a number of different causes and takes different forms. The paper describes the different forms of scour and looks at a number of case studies to illustrate the different ways in which scour has caused structures to collapse or require protection. The case studies are of railway bridges and are drawn from official investigation reports and underwater examinations carried out by the author. The paper concludes by illustrating ways in which failures due to scour could be avoided by the employment of good bridge management systems.
机译：近年来，在英国和爱尔兰共和国发生了数起因冲刷造成的桥梁倒塌。英格兰西北部的城镇已被切断，造成生命损失。主要铁路线已经关闭了很长一段时间。尽管冲刷基本上是由于流动的水去除床料，但是它有多种不同的原因并且采取不同的形式。本文描述了冲刷的不同形式，并研究了许多案例研究，以说明冲刷导致建筑物倒塌或需要保护的不同方式。案例研究是关于铁路桥梁的，摘自作者的官方调查报告和水下检查。本文最后通过说明使用良好的桥梁管理系统可以避免冲刷故障的方法。

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