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Opioid tolerance and hyperalgesia: basic mechanisms and management in review

机译:阿片耐受性和痛觉过敏:基本机制和管理的审查

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摘要

Opioid requirements among individuals vary 1000-nfold. There are no standard doses or therapeuticnlevels consistent across populations. Opioid respon-nsiveness is related to the balance of analgesia andntolerable side effects. Responsiveness is not an ‘all ornnone’ phenomena.n1nEvents that limit opioid dose titra-ntion are usually not pain but the onset of unacceptablenside effects at doses that produced suboptimal painncontrol. Several types of pain are poorly responsivento opioids: neuropathic pain, breakthrough pain, andnexistential pain.n1–7nIncidental breakthrough pain isnparticularly difficult to manage and is most oftennassociated with bone metastases. The onset to peaknpain with breakthrough pain is as short as 3 minutesnand duration as short as 30 minutes. By the time annimmediate acting oral opioid has a chance to work,npain has resolved.n3,8nNeuropathic pain mechanismsnare similar to those associated with opioid analgesicntolerance.n9,10nIn general, higher doses of opioids arenneeded to control neuropathic pain compared withnnociceptive pain.
机译:个人之间的阿片类药物需求量相差1000倍。各个人群之间没有统一的标准剂量或治疗水平。阿片类药物的反应性与镇痛的平衡和不可忍受的副作用有关。反应不是一种“所有的激素”现象。限制阿片类药物剂量滴定的事件通常不是疼痛,而是在产生不能达到最佳疼痛控制剂量的副作用。几种类型的疼痛对阿片类药物的反应较差:神经性疼痛,突破性疼痛和负性疼痛。n1–7n偶发性突破性疼痛尤其难以控制,最常与骨转移无关。痛觉发作至峰值痛的时间短至3分钟,持续时间短至30分钟。到了立即服用口服阿片类药物的机会时,npain得以解决。n3,8n的神经性疼痛机制与与阿片类镇痛耐受性相关的类似。n9,10n通常,与伤害性疼痛相比,不需要大剂量的阿片类药物来控制神经性疼痛。

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  • 来源
    《Progress in Palliative Care》 |2011年第2期|p.73-86|共14页
  • 作者

    Davis Mellar P;

  • 作者单位

    The Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Taussig CancerInstitute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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