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Estimating the speed of vehicles: the influence of stereotypes

机译：估计车辆速度：刻板印象的影响

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摘要

Davies and Patel (2005, Legal and Criminological Psychology, 10, 45-62) demonstrated that stereotypes associated with particular types of car influenced judgements of culpability in a road accident report. This study explores whether stereotypes influence judgements of the speed of different vehicles. In Experiment 1, participants observed films of a BMW 3 Series and VW Polo being driven at 20, 40 and 60 mph. Accuracy of speed estimates was high and no effect of stereotyping was observed. This finding was replicated in Experiment 2 when the stereotype of a 'typical' BMW or Polo driver was instantiated prior to viewing the films and despite participants predicting that the speed of the BMW would be substantially higher than the Polo. In Experiment 3, speed estimates were made unexpectedly a day after viewing the films. In accordance with the stereotype, the BMW was now judged as being driven significantly faster than the Polo at the same actual speed. Consistent with findings from person perception, these results suggest that when unambiguous countervailing information is present, stereotypical influences are minimised or overwhelmed, but much stronger effects occur when access to critical information is impaired or ambiguous. The implications of these findings for witness estimates of vehicle speed are discussed.
机译：Davies和Patel（2005年，《法律与犯罪心理学》，第10卷，第45-62页）表明，与特定类型汽车相关的成见影响了道路交通事故报告中对可责性的判断。这项研究探讨了刻板印象是否会影响不同车辆速度的判断。在实验1中，参与者观察了以20、40和60英里/小时的速度行驶的BMW 3系和大众Polo的电影。速度估计的准确性很高，没有观察到定型观念的影响。在实验2中重复了这一发现，当时在观看电影之前实例化了“典型”宝马或Polo驾驶员的原型，尽管参与者预测宝马的速度将大大高于Polo。在实验3中，看完电影后一天出乎意料地进行了速度估算。按照刻板印象，现在认为宝马在相同的实际速度下行驶速度明显比马球快。与从人的感知中得出的发现一致，这些结果表明，当存在明确的反补贴信息时，刻板印象的影响被最小化或不堪重负，但是当对关键信息的访问受到损害或模棱两可时，会产生更大的影响。讨论了这些发现对证人车速估计的影响。

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