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Plastics and environmental health: the road ahead

机译：塑料与环境健康：未来之路

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摘要

Plastics continue to benefit society in innumerable ways, even though recent public focus on plastics has centered mostly on human health and environmental concerns, including their endocrine-disrupting properties and the long-term pollution they represent. The benefits of plastics are particularly apparent in medicine and public health. Plastics are versatile, cost-effective, require less energy to produce than alternative materials like metal or glass, and can be manufactured to have many different properties. Due to these characteristics, polymers are used in diverse health applications like disposable syringes and intravenous bags, sterile packaging for medical instruments as well as in joint replacements, tissue engineering, etc. However, not all current uses of plastics are prudent and sustainable, as illustrated by the widespread, unwanted human exposure to endocrine-disrupting bisphenol A (BPA) and di-(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate (DEHP), problems arising from the large quantities of plastic being disposed of, and depletion of non-renewable petroleum resources as a result of the ever-increasing mass production of plastic consumer articles. Using the health-care sector as example, this review concentrates on the benefits and downsides of plastics and identifies opportunities to change the composition and disposal practices of these invaluable polymers for a more sustainable future consumption. It highlights ongoing efforts to phase out DEHP and BPA in the health-care and food industry and discusses biodegradable options for plastic packaging, opportunities for reducing plastic medical waste, and recycling in medical facilities in the quest to reap a maximum of benefits from polymers without compromising human health or the environment in the process.
机译：尽管最近公众对塑料的关注主要集中在人类健康和环境问题上，包括破坏内分泌的特性和所代表的长期污染，但塑料仍以无数种方式使社会受益。塑料的好处在医学和公共卫生领域尤为明显。与用途广泛的金属或玻璃材料相比，塑料具有多种用途，成本效益高，生产所需的能源少等优点，并且可以制造成具有许多不同的特性。由于这些特性，聚合物可用于各种健康应用中，例如一次性注射器和静脉输液袋，医疗器械的无菌包装以及关节置换，组织工程等。然而，并非所有当前塑料的使用都是谨慎和可持续的，因为人类大量暴露于破坏内分泌的双酚A（BPA）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP），大量塑料被丢弃以及不可再生的消耗引起的问题可以说明这一点不断增长的塑料消费品批量生产的结果是石油资源。以医疗保健行业为例，本次审查着重于塑料的优点和缺点，并确定了机会，以改变这些宝贵的聚合物的组成和处置方式，以实现更可持续的未来消费。它重点介绍了在保健和食品行业逐步淘汰DEHP和BPA的持续努力，并讨论了塑料包装的可生物降解选择，减少塑料医疗废物的机会以及医疗设施中的回收利用，以期在不使用聚合物的情况下获得最大的收益。在此过程中损害人类健康或环境。

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  • 来源
    《Reviews on environmental health》 |2013年第1期|1-8|共8页
  • 作者

    Emily J. North; Rolf U. Halden;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Environmental Security, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA;

    Center for Environmental Security, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ,85287-5904 USA Department of Environmental Health Sciences,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    health effects; plastics; pollution; sustainability; sustainable consumption;

    机译：健康影响;塑料;污染;可持续性;可持续消费;

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