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The discovery of the human melanocyte

机译：人类黑素细胞的发现

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Around 2200 BC the first written description of a human pigmentation disorder, most likely vitiligo, was recorded, and from that moment the history of research into human pigmentation can be traced. For the following 4000 yr, the origins of human skin colour remained an enigma that was to generate a multitude of misconceptions. Even after European physicians began to dissect and compare dark and light coloured skin to reveal its underlying anatomy, the origins of skin and hair pigmentation were a matter of frequently erroneous speculation. The true source of human pigmentation was only finally revealed with the discovery of the melanocyte in the 19th century. Once tyrosinase was identified to be the key enzyme in pigment formation, attention focused on elucidating the chemical structure of melanin, an enterprise that remains incomplete. The developmental origins of the melanocyte were described from 1940 to 1960, and the concept of the epidermal melanin unit was introduced together with a description of the ultrastructure of the melanosome and melanosome transfer. With these advances came the realization that different skin types exhibit distinct differences at the histological level that relate to varying amounts of eumelanin and pheomelanin produced by the melanocytes. The foundation established over the past 4000 yr is the basis for all current research into this fascinating cell type.
机译：大约在公元前2200年记录了人类色素沉着症（最可能是白癜风）的第一个书面描述，从那时起，就可以追溯到人类色素沉着研究的历史。在接下来的4000年中，人类肤色的起源仍然是一个谜，这会产生许多误解。即使在欧洲医师开始解剖和比较深色和浅色皮肤以揭示其潜在的解剖结构之后，皮肤和头发色素沉着的起源仍然是经常错误推测的问题。直到19世纪，黑素细胞的发现才最终揭示了人类色素沉着的真正来源。一旦酪氨酸酶被确定为色素形成的关键酶，注意力就集中在阐明黑色素的化学结构上，而该蛋白仍然不完整。从1940年到1960年描述了黑素细胞的发展起源，并引入了表皮黑色素单元的概念以及对黑素体和黑素体转移的超微结构的描述。随着这些进展，人们认识到，不同的皮肤类型在组织学水平上表现出明显的差异，这些差异与黑色素细胞产生的不同数量的Eumelanin和pheomelanin有关。在过去的4000年中建立的基金会是目前对该迷人细胞类型进行所有研究的基础。

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