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首页> 外文期刊>Potato Research >Effects of Fungicide and Rate of Application on the Development of Isolates of Polyscytalum pustulans Resistant to Thiabendazole and on the Control of Skin Spot
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Effects of Fungicide and Rate of Application on the Development of Isolates of Polyscytalum pustulans Resistant to Thiabendazole and on the Control of Skin Spot

机译：杀菌剂和施用量对耐噻菌灵的脓疱多糖分离物的形成及皮斑控制的影响

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摘要

Resistance to thiabendazole, sometimes of varying degrees, has occurred in a number of fungal species causing diseases of potato tubers, including skin spot caused by Polyscytalum pustulans. The effect of applying a range of concentrations of thiabendazole, imazalil or a formulated mixture of thiabendazole and imazalil on the development of isolates of P. pustulans partially or fully resistant to thiabendazole and on the control of skin spot over a number of successive generations of seed potato multiplication was examined in a series of experiments over 3 years. Seed tubers were inoculated with a sensitive, partially resistant or fully resistant isolate in the first year of an experiment and combinations of fungicide and a range of concentrations were applied to the seed tubers annually before planting over two or three successive generations. Immersing seed tubers inoculated with the partially resistant isolate in a relatively high concentration of thiabendazole, 0.7 g a.i. lp#, did not result in the development of fully resistant isolates. Moreover, the effect of all fungicides in controlling eye contamination and skin spot did not differ between partially and fully resistant isolates. For seed tubers inoculated with the sensitive isolate, applying thiabendazole resulted in the occurrence of resistant isolates on first-generation daughter tubers, but the effect of fungicide concentration on the frequency of resistant isolates, partially or fully resistant, was inconsistent. In one experiment, the highest frequency of resistance was found at the greatest concentration, 0.4 g a.i. lp#, but, in the second experiment, the frequency was unaffected by the concentration of thiabendazole. On second-generation daughter tubers derived from thiabendazole-treated seed tubers, virtually all isolates were resistant and the frequency of partially and fully resistant isolates was similar to that in the first generation. Applying a mixture of thiabendazole and imazalil to seed tubers inoculated with a sensitive isolate resulted in the development of some resistant isolates in the first year but the frequency did not generally increase with successive applications of the mixture. A mixture of thiabendazole and imazalil, and imazalil alone gave similar control of eye contamination when applied at equivalent concentrations. However, increasing the concentration of imazalil from 0.1 to 0.7 g imazalil lp# did result in an increasing impairment of plant growth, but the deposits achieved within that range of concentrations were greater than that recommended by the manufacturer. These results demonstrate that control of P. pustulans by thiabendazole, imazalil and a mixture of thiabendazole and imazalil applied at a range of concentrations was similar for isolates partially or fully resistant to thiabendazole.
机译：在许多引起马铃薯块茎疾病的真菌物种中，包括有时由脓毒菌引起的皮肤斑点，对噻菌灵的抗性有时甚至不同。施用一定范围浓度的噻菌灵，咪唑或噻菌灵和咪唑的配制混合物对部分或完全抵抗噻菌灵的脓疱性脓疱病菌分离物的形成以及控制多个连续世代种子的皮肤斑病的影响在3年的一系列实验中研究了马铃薯的繁殖。在实验的第一年，用敏感的，部分抗性或完全抗性的分离株接种块茎，并在种植两到三代后，每年对种子块茎施用杀菌剂和一定浓度的组合。将浸有部分抗性分离株的浸种块茎浸入浓度相对较高的噻苯达唑（0.7 g a.i.）中。 lp＃，没有导致产生完全抗性的分离株。而且，所有杀真菌剂在控制眼睛污染和皮肤斑点方面的作用在部分和完全耐药菌株之间没有差异。对于接种了敏感菌株的种子块茎，使用噻菌灵导致第一代子代块茎出现抗药性菌株，但杀菌剂浓度对部分或完全抗药性菌株的频率影响不一。在一个实验中，在最大浓度为0.4 g a.i.时发现了最高的抗药性频率。 lp＃，但是在第二个实验中，该频率不受噻苯达唑浓度的影响。在源自噻菌灵处理的种子块茎的第二代子块茎上，几乎所有分离株均具有抗性，部分和完全抗性分离株的发生频率与第一代相似。在接种敏感分离株的种子块茎上施用噻菌灵和咪唑啉的混合物会在第一年产生一些抗性分离株，但随着混合物的连续施用，其频率通常不会增加。当以相同浓度施用时，噻苯达唑和咪唑的混合物以及单独的咪唑可对眼睛的污染提供相似的控制。但是，将咪唑的浓度从0.1 g咪唑lp＃确实增加了对植物生长的损害，但是在该浓度范围内获得的沉积物大于制造商的建议。这些结果表明，噻菌灵，咪唑和以一定浓度施用的噻菌灵和咪唑的混合物对脓毒杆菌的控制对于部分或完全抵抗噻菌灵的分离株是相似的。

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